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BIOL347 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

endentulism

A

lack of teeth

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2
Q

rhamphotheca

A

upper keratin sheath/beak

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3
Q

gnathotheca

A

lower keratin sheath/beak

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4
Q

serration on beak

A

tomia

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5
Q

dentition

A

array of teeth in jaw

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6
Q

occlusal surface

A

contact surface of teeth

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7
Q

cusp

A

raised parts of tooth on occlusal surface

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8
Q

Buccal

A

cheek/lip side of teeth

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9
Q

Lingual

A

tongue side of teeth

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10
Q

mesial

A

front teeth

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11
Q

distal

A

back teeth

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12
Q

Homodont

A

similar shaped teeth throughout mouth

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13
Q

Polyphyodont

A

teeth that are continually replaced throughout an animal’s life

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14
Q

Acrodont

A

Teeth attached to the top of the jaw

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15
Q

Pleurodont

A

teeth attached to the lingual side of jaw by ligaments

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16
Q

Heterodont

A

differences in tooth shape throughout mouth

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17
Q

Thecodont

A

Teeth are set in sockets

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18
Q

Diphyodont

A

There are only two sets of teeth present (milk and adult teeth)

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19
Q

Monophyodont

A

There is only a single set of teeth

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20
Q

Canines

A

conical, used for seizing/piercing prey or for display and/or fighting

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21
Q

Premolars

A

Primitively used for puncturing

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22
Q

Molars

A

originally used for cutting and crushing

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23
Q

Tribosphenic molars

A

Unique to mammals; form a ‘mortar and pestle’ crushing point

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24
Q

Protocone

A

part of Tribosphenic molars that fits into the taloid basin

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25
Q

Carnassials

A

Upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar in carnivorous mammals; linearly aligned and sectorial

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26
Q

Sectorial

A

sharp-edged teeth

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27
Q

Brachyodont

A

Used to describe mammals that possess teeth with low crowns and well-developed roots

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28
Q

Hypsodont

A

Increased height and extensive cementum covering on surface and between cusps; teeth more resistant to wear

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29
Q

Bunodont molars

A

Brachyodont teeth found in humans, pigs, and primitive herbivores; cusps become rounded and form grinding surfaces

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30
Q

Lophodont molars

A

Hypsodont teeth found in Perrisodactyls (horses, elephants, rhinos, and rodents); cusps blend together into lophs

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31
Q

Selenodont molars

A

Hypsodont teeth found in Artiodactyls (deer and camels); cusps remain independent but elongate caudo-rostrally

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32
Q

Chondrichthyan teeth

A

Homodont, Polyphyodont, and Acrodont

33
Q

Amphibian teeth

A

Homodont, Polyphyodont, and Pleurodont

34
Q

Neopterygian fish teeth

A

Homodont, Polyphyodont, Pleurodont or Acrodont, teeth may be distributed throughout oral cavity and pharynx

35
Q

Squamate teeth

A

Acrodont or Pleurodont, Polyphyodont, Homodont or Heterodont

36
Q

Archosaur teeth

A

Thecodont, Polyphyodont, Homodont or Heterodont

37
Q

Mammal teeth

A

Diphyodont or Monophyodont, Homodont or Heterodont, Thecodont

38
Q

3 middle ear bones in mammals

A

incus, malleus, and stapes

39
Q

What is the incus homologous to?

A

Quadrate

40
Q

What is the malleus homologous to?

A

Articular

41
Q

What is the stapes homologous to?

A

Stapes

42
Q

Jaw joint in synapsids

A

Articulate-Quadrate

43
Q

Jaw joint in mammals

A

Dentary-Squamosal

44
Q

Basement membrane

A

thin, noncellular region separating epithelium from underlying connective tissue

45
Q

simple epithelium

A

epithelium with only 1 cell layer

46
Q

stratified epithelium

A

epithelium with multiple layers

47
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

single cell layer attached to the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the surface

48
Q

squamous epithelial

A

epithelium with a flat surface

49
Q

cuboidal cells

A

cells are as tall as they are wide

50
Q

columnar cells

A

cells are taller than they are wide

51
Q

cilia

A

motile structures in uterus and respiratory system

52
Q

microvilli

A

small, nonmotile projections that cover absorptive cell in intestines and proximal tubule of kidneys

53
Q

stereocilia

A

long, nonmotile, branched microvilli in epididymis and vas deferens

54
Q

3 main types of epithelia

A

simple, pseudostratified, stratified

55
Q

goblet cells

A

cells associated with epithelium that produce and excrete mucus

56
Q

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

type of epithelium with a layer of dead keratinized cells (human skin)

57
Q

stratum corneum

A

outermost layer of dead keratinized cells in SSK epithelium

58
Q

What are the layers of SSK epithelium from outermost to basement membrane

A

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

59
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete their products into ducts

60
Q

simple exocrine gland

A

exhibit unbranched duct

61
Q

tubular gland

A

secretory portion is tube-shaped

62
Q

compound exocrine gland

A

exhibit repeatedly branching ducts

63
Q

alveolar/acinar glands

A

secretory portion is flask-shaped

64
Q

tubuloacinar glands

A

has both tubular and acinar secretory portions

65
Q

mucous glands

A

produce viscous substances for lubrication and protection

66
Q

serous glands

A

produce watery substances that are rich in enzymes

67
Q

mixed glands

A

act as a combination of mucous and serous glands

68
Q

merocrine glands

A

release secretion via exocytosis without losing cellular components

69
Q

holocrine glands (i.e. sebaceous glands)

A

the cells become secretory product: cells accumulate lipids, die, degenerate, and become sebum

70
Q

Endocrine glands

A

excrete products into bloodstream

71
Q

loose connective tissue

A

irregular arrangement of cells and fibers; more prevalent than dense connective tissue; abundant ground substance

72
Q

ground substance

A

viscous solution of carbohydrates and glycosaminoglycans

73
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

primarily consists of fibroblasts and thick and dense collagen fibers with random orientation; less ground substance

74
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

collagen fibers densely packed in regular, parallel orientation; provides resistance to force along a single axis

75
Q

Fibroblasts

A

active permanent cells that synthesize all collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers

76
Q

Fibrocytes

A

inactive or resting connective tissue cells

77
Q

White adipose cells

A

store lipids as a single droplet; highly vascularized with numerous hormone receptors; secrete leptin

78
Q

Brown adipose cells

A

store lipids as multiple droplets; generates body heat in newborns and animals emerging from hibernation

BIOL347 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (11 decks)

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