Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
What makes up axial skeleton
Bones in the skull, ossicles(small bones) of your middle ear, hyoid bone of your neck, vertebra(bones of your spine) and thoracic cage (rib cage)
Purpose of cervical vertebrae /what do they look like
Provides support for the weight of your head, surrounds and protects your spinal cord, and allows for a wide range of head motions. Smallest of all vertebrae, the presence of a foramen in each transverse process.
Purpose of lumbar vertebrae/ what do they look like
Provides stability for your back and spinal column and allow for a point of attachment for many muscles and ligaments. Lumbar vertebral bodies are kidney shaped.
Purpose of sacrum; it is an attachment site for what?
Forms the posterior pelvic wall and strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis. It serves as an attachment site for the supraspinous ligament.
Know three types of abnormal spinal curvatures
Lordosis(spine curves inward at the lower back), Kyphosis(rounded upper back, more than 50 degrees), Scoliosis(sideway curve to the spine)
What are synovial joints
Articulation of joints permitting a variety of movements
Know movements of synovial joints (at least five)
Hinge joint, saddle joint, pivot joint, gliding joint, and ball and socket joint.
Characteristics of female pelvis and of male pelvis
Female pelvis is adapted for childbearing. Pelvis is lighter, wider, and shallower than in males. Provides more room in the true pelvis
Know bones in legs, feet and arms and hands
-Leg Bones: Femur, patella, tibia, fibula
-Arm Bones: Humerus, Radius, Ulna
-Feet Bones: Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
-Hand Bones: Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Where is red and yellow bone marrow found
Red bone marrow can be found in the Epiphysis while yellow bone marrow can be found in the medullary cavity.
What does the autonomic nervous system stimulate?
Involuntary functions
Where are neuromuscular junctions found
Between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle
What happens during the contraction of a muscle
The thin actin and thick myosin filaments slide past each other
Know external and internal obliques and rectus abdominis and their function-
-External Obliques & Internal Obliques; Helps rotate the trunk
-Rectus Abdominis; flexes both the lumbar and thoracic spine
Know parts of neurons
cell body, axon, and dendrite
What are two main divisions of nervous system
CNS & PNS
How many pairs of cranial nerves in body; pairs of spinal nerves?
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
“Tree of Life”, be able to describe
The arbor vitae is the cerebellar white matter and it got its name from its branched tree-like appearance.
Causes of conductive hearing loss
Fluid in middle ear from colds or allergies, ear infections, benign tumors
20/20, 20/100 vision
20/20 vision is the ability to see an object clearly from 20 feet away, 20/100 means you must be as close as 20 feet to see what a person with normal vision can see at 100 feet.
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
myopia
Nearsightedness
nystagmus
an involuntary rhythmic side to side, up and down or circular motion of the eyes
Know the cranial sutures and their location
Lamboid suture; connects parietal lobe with occipital lobe. Saggital suture; connects the two parietal bones. Squamous suture; connects temporal with lower portion of parietal lobe.
Muscular Dystrophy
Damage of muscle fibers, causes weakness and affects balance
Cerebral Palsy
Congenital, affects posture and motor function
Compartment Syndrome
Compressed blood vessels and nerves
Myasthenia Gravis
Severe muscle weakness, breakdown at neuromuscular junction
ALS
Lateral sporosis, neurodegenerative, neurons are destroyed
Talipes
Clubfoot
Fibromyalgia
Chronic pain, often in women
Conjunctivitis
Causes the white of the eye to to take on a pink or red color
Four types of headaches
Migraine(on one side of head), Tension(pain around the back of the head), Thunderclap, Cluster(One sided and associated with stuffy nose, tearing)
Autism
A developmentental disorder of variable severity
TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)
A form of aquired brain injury , occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain
Epilepsy
Neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions
Amblyopia
Impaired or dim vision without obvious defect or change in the eye
Uveitis
Inflammation of the uvea
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears
Meniere’s
A disorder caused by build of fluid in the chambers in the inner ear
Strabismus
Abnormal alignment of the eyes, condition of having to squint
Know the five symptoms of stroke
Numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg; confusion or trouble speaking; trouble seeing in one or both ways; trouble walking; severe headache with no cause
