Lab Exam 2

Question 1

What makes up axial skeleton

Answer 1

Bones in the skull, ossicles(small bones) of your middle ear, hyoid bone of your neck, vertebra(bones of your spine) and thoracic cage (rib cage)

Question 2

Purpose of cervical vertebrae /what do they look like

Answer 2

Provides support for the weight of your head, surrounds and protects your spinal cord, and allows for a wide range of head motions. Smallest of all vertebrae, the presence of a foramen in each transverse process.

Question 3

Purpose of lumbar vertebrae/ what do they look like

Answer 3

Provides stability for your back and spinal column and allow for a point of attachment for many muscles and ligaments. Lumbar vertebral bodies are kidney shaped.

Question 4

Purpose of sacrum; it is an attachment site for what?

Answer 4

Forms the posterior pelvic wall and strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis. It serves as an attachment site for the supraspinous ligament.

Question 5

Know three types of abnormal spinal curvatures

Answer 5

Lordosis(spine curves inward at the lower back), Kyphosis(rounded upper back, more than 50 degrees), Scoliosis(sideway curve to the spine)

Question 6

What are synovial joints

Answer 6

Articulation of joints permitting a variety of movements

Question 7

Know movements of synovial joints (at least five)

Answer 7

Hinge joint, saddle joint, pivot joint, gliding joint, and ball and socket joint.

Question 8

Characteristics of female pelvis and of male pelvis

Answer 8

Female pelvis is adapted for childbearing. Pelvis is lighter, wider, and shallower than in males. Provides more room in the true pelvis

Question 9

Know bones in legs, feet and arms and hands

Answer 9

-Leg Bones: Femur, patella, tibia, fibula
-Arm Bones: Humerus, Radius, Ulna
-Feet Bones: Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
-Hand Bones: Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 10

Where is red and yellow bone marrow found

Answer 10

Red bone marrow can be found in the Epiphysis while yellow bone marrow can be found in the medullary cavity.

Question 11

What does the autonomic nervous system stimulate?

Answer 11

Involuntary functions

Question 12

Where are neuromuscular junctions found

Answer 12

Between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle

Question 13

What happens during the contraction of a muscle

Answer 13

The thin actin and thick myosin filaments slide past each other

Question 14

Know external and internal obliques and rectus abdominis and their function-

Answer 14

-External Obliques & Internal Obliques; Helps rotate the trunk
-Rectus Abdominis; flexes both the lumbar and thoracic spine

Question 15

Know parts of neurons

Answer 15

cell body, axon, and dendrite

Question 16

What are two main divisions of nervous system

Answer 16

CNS & PNS

Question 17

How many pairs of cranial nerves in body; pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 17

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 18

“Tree of Life”, be able to describe

Answer 18

The arbor vitae is the cerebellar white matter and it got its name from its branched tree-like appearance.

Question 19

Causes of conductive hearing loss

Answer 19

Fluid in middle ear from colds or allergies, ear infections, benign tumors

Question 20

20/20, 20/100 vision

Answer 20

20/20 vision is the ability to see an object clearly from 20 feet away, 20/100 means you must be as close as 20 feet to see what a person with normal vision can see at 100 feet.

Question 21

Hyperopia

Answer 21

Farsightedness

Question 22

myopia

Answer 22

Nearsightedness

Question 23

nystagmus

Answer 23

an involuntary rhythmic side to side, up and down or circular motion of the eyes

Question 24

Know the cranial sutures and their location

Answer 24

Lamboid suture; connects parietal lobe with occipital lobe. Saggital suture; connects the two parietal bones. Squamous suture; connects temporal with lower portion of parietal lobe.

Question 25

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 25

Damage of muscle fibers, causes weakness and affects balance

Question 26

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 26

Congenital, affects posture and motor function

Question 27

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 27

Compressed blood vessels and nerves

Question 28

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 28

Severe muscle weakness, breakdown at neuromuscular junction

Question 29

ALS

Answer 29

Lateral sporosis, neurodegenerative, neurons are destroyed

Question 30

Talipes

Answer 30

Clubfoot

Question 31

Fibromyalgia

Answer 31

Chronic pain, often in women

Question 32

Conjunctivitis

Answer 32

Causes the white of the eye to to take on a pink or red color

Question 33

Four types of headaches

Answer 33

Migraine(on one side of head), Tension(pain around the back of the head), Thunderclap, Cluster(One sided and associated with stuffy nose, tearing)

Question 34

Autism

Answer 34

A developmentental disorder of variable severity

Question 35

TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

Answer 35

A form of aquired brain injury , occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain

Question 36

Epilepsy

Answer 36

Neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions

Question 37

Amblyopia

Answer 37

Impaired or dim vision without obvious defect or change in the eye

Question 38

Uveitis

Answer 38

Inflammation of the uvea

Question 39

Tinnitus

Answer 39

Ringing in the ears

Question 40

Meniere’s

Answer 40

A disorder caused by build of fluid in the chambers in the inner ear

Question 41

Strabismus

Answer 41

Abnormal alignment of the eyes, condition of having to squint

Question 42

Know the five symptoms of stroke

Answer 42

Numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg; confusion or trouble speaking; trouble seeing in one or both ways; trouble walking; severe headache with no cause