A&P 2 Lab Exam 3 Flashcards
How are human ovum and spermatozoon similar
They have the same number of chromosomes
What is spermiogenesis
Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa
Where are the testes located in fetal life
Abdominal cavity
Mitochondria in mature sperm cells are located
In the body or middle piece of sperm
Movement of sperm from the epidydimal duct and seminal fluid into the ejaculatory duct is called what?
Vas deferens
Prostaglandins in seminal fluid do what?
Stimulate muscle contractions in uterus
Newborn girls contain how many gamete producing cells
2 million
What is menstruation
Process of woman discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus, also known as period.
When does ovulation occur
When there is a surge in LH and FSH
What are the ovarian phases
Menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase
Layers of endometrium
The outer (superficial) compact layer, the larger middle spongy layer, and the inner basal layer.
Which hormone controls the proliferative phase of the uterine endometrium
Estrogen
Female structures that are similar to the scrotum in males are
Labia majora
Cervix
The lower, narrow end of uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina
Vagina
The muscular canal that goes from the uterus to the outside of the body
Uterus
The hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman’s pelvis
Fallopian tubes
One of two long, slender tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus
Primary sex organ of males
Testes
Where does the testes originate in fetuses
Retropertineal space
Source of male sex hormones
Interstitial cells
Where sperm attain fertilization, competence, and motility
The epididymis
Dilated sac at the end of bad deferens
Ampulla
Ejaculatory duct is composed of
An outer muscular layer, a middle layer, and inner layer
Function of prostate
Spermatogenesis
How does the urethra pass through the penis
It passes through the corpora spongioson
Hormone that initiates puberty
GNRH, gonadatropin releasing hormone
Functions of testosterone
Increased body hair, thickening of larynx, bigger muscles, and thicker bones
Inhibitors of testosterone production
Decreasing FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone
Sperm cells fertilize what
Secondary oocytes
Largest part of the uterus by weight
Myonetrium
Superior, inferior portion of the uterus
Superior is fundus, inferior is cervix
Hormone that stimulates secondary female sex organs
Estrogen
Where is progesterone produced
Adrenal Cortex
In the testes, where are sperm cells produced
Seminiferous tubules
Spermicidal foams, what are they good for?
To stop sperm from getting to an egg
Vasectomy
The surgical cutting and sealing of part of each vas deferens
Ligation
The surgical procedure of closing off a blood vessel or other duct or tube in the body
Renal medulla is composed of what kind of tissue
Parenchyma
Uric acid
Waste product found in blood
Urea
Substance formed by the breakdown of protein in the liver
Glucose
Major source of energy for cells
Creatinine
A compound which is produced by metabolism of creatine and excreted in the urine
Ascending loop of Henle
One of the structures in the nephron of the kidney, maintains salt water balance
Oliguria
The production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Polyuria
Production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
Enuresis
Involuntary urination
Glucosuria
Glucose in urine
Ketones
A type of chemical that your liver produces when it breaks down fats
Effects of a diuretic
Helps to rid your body of salt(sodium) and water
What are kidney stones composed of
Calcium phosphate, uric acid, calcium oxalate
Where are kidney stones formed in the kidney
At the center of kidney or renal pelvis
Gene
DNA Segment
Protein
Complex molecule of amino acids
Chromosome
Bundle of DNA contains genes
Angelman’s Syndrome
Affects nervous system, 15 chromosome deletion
Turner syndrome
Missing X chromosome, females only
Cri-du-chat syndrome
Chromosome 5p deletion
Edward’s syndrome
Trisomy 18
Patau syndrome
Trisomy 13
Tay-Sachs Syndrome
Defect in gene, nerve cell destruction in brain
Jackson-Weiss Syndrome
Autosomal gene trait, webbed feet
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome
Chromosome deletion 4p16-3
Albinism
Mutation in genes that produce melanin
Down’s Syndrome
Trisomy 21, there is a 3rd copy of chromosome 21
