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Intro to Anatomy > A&P 2 Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

A&P 2 Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Location of Respiratory Control Center

A

Medulla Oblongata, involved in the minute-to-minute control of breathing

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2
Q

How is oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in the lungs?

A

Diffusion

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3
Q

Function of alveolar sacs

A

To transport fresh oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body

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4
Q

Function of Alveoli

A

Where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out

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5
Q

Function of respiratory bronchioles

A

To bring air to the alveolar clusters for gas exchange

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6
Q

Function of alveolar ducts

A

Serve as passageways, collects and directs oxygen entering the alveoli and the carbon dioxide exiting the lungs

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7
Q

Function of nose

A

Allows air to enter the body, also filters debris, warms, and moistens the air

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8
Q

Pneumonia

A

Lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid

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9
Q

Tuberculosis

A

An infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules in the tissues

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10
Q

Emphysema

A

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged or enlarged, causing breathlessness

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11
Q

Coryza

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose

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12
Q

What is external and internal respiration

A

External respiration is also known as breathing, it involves bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation). During internal respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and the blood vessels

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13
Q

Alveolus

A

Any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

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14
Q

Bronchiole

A

Any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides

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15
Q

Conchae

A

Increases air turbulence in nasal cavity

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16
Q

Epiglottis

A

The flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs

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17
Q

Esophagus

A

The hollow, muscular tube that passes food and liquid from your throat to your stomach

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18
Q

Glottis

A

Contains opening between the vocal folds

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19
Q

Larynx

A

The area of the throat containing the vocal cords and used for breathing, swallowing, and talking.

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20
Q

Palate

A

The roof of the mouth separating the mouth from the nasal cavity

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21
Q

Pharyngotympanic Tube

A

Also know as the Eustachian tube, it connects the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx.

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22
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Lines the thoracic wall and the superior surface of the diaphragm.

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23
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

A nerve that runs from the spinal cord to the diaphragm

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24
Q

Trachea

A

Also called the windpipe, the airway that leads from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi

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25
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

The longest cranial nerve, the main nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system

26
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Covers the lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and the bronchi.

27
Q

What cells produce antibodies

A

B Cells, B lymphocytes

28
Q

Antigen versus antibodies (examples of antigens)

A

Antigens allow your body to create a defense against future invaders. Antibodies circulate in your body once created to identify, attack, and destroy the same type of antigens if they enter the body again. Examples of antigens are bacteria, viruses, and food.

29
Q

Where are worn-out blood cells destroyed?

A

Spleen

30
Q

First line of defense against disease-causing organisms

A

Skin

31
Q

What are complement proteins?

A

Found in blood plasma, system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibody

32
Q

Symptoms of inflammation

A

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

33
Q

Natural acquired active immunity

A

Acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease

34
Q

Naturally acquired passive immunity

A

Passive immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.

35
Q

Artificially acquired passive immunity

A

Protection acquired by giving a person an injection or transfusion of antibodies made by someone else.

36
Q

Artificially acquired active immunity

A

Any immunization with an antigen

37
Q

What is the best immunity

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

38
Q

What is cell-mediated immunity

A

Involves the destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells

39
Q

What organs do not have lymphatic vessels

A

Bone marrow, central nervous system, and tissues such as the epidermis

40
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cellular components, process of making blood

41
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Surrounds and destroys foreign substances and removes dead cells

42
Q

Location of stomach

A

Upper abdomen on the left side of the body

43
Q

Location of pancreas

A

Lies transversely in the upper abdomen between the duodenum on the right and the spleen on the left

44
Q

Location of liver

A

Upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm

45
Q

Location of Spleen

A

Upper left side of your abdomen, next to your stomach and behind the ribs

46
Q

Location of Thymus

A

In the chest between the lungs

47
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Produce hormones and insulin

48
Q

Function of stomach

A

Takes in food, mixes it, breaks it down, and then passes it to the small intestine

49
Q

Function of liver

A

Makes and secretes bile to process and purify the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients that are coming from the small intestine

50
Q

Function of spleen

A

Controls the level of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

51
Q

Function of thymus

A

The body’s defense mechanism providing surveillance and protection against diverse pathogens, tumors, antigens, and mediators of tissue damage:

52
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs

A

Teeth, tongue, and glandular organs such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

53
Q

What comprises the GI tract?

A

Mouth, pharynx (throat) esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

54
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Physically breaking down food into smaller parts to more effectively undergo chemical digestion.

55
Q

Chemical digestion

A

To further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream

56
Q

Peristalsis

A

Series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

57
Q

Chime

A

A murky semi fluid mass or paste

58
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in the stomach lining

59
Q

Purpose of gastric juices

A

To inactive swallowed microorganisms, thereby inhibiting infectious agents from reaching the intestine

60
Q

Function of hydrochloric acid

A

Breaks down food and the digestive system enzymes split up proteins

Intro to Anatomy (6 decks)

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