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Intro to Anatomy > Intro To Anatomy > Flashcards

Intro To Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Study of large structures without the aid of a microscope

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2
Q

Microanatomy

A

Study of small structures with the aid of a microscope

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3
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of body surface features

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4
Q

Medical anatomy

A

Study of structures changed by disease

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5
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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6
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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7
Q

Systematic vs regional anatomy

A

Systematic is organized by systems and regional is organized by body regions

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8
Q

Four main types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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9
Q

Organ level

A

Consists of two or more different types of tissues

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10
Q

System level

A

Consists of multiple organs that combine to form a very general task

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11
Q

The complete organism

A

Composed of 11 systems to maintain life

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12
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin, protects underlying tissues and prevents fluid loss

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13
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones, joints, supports and protects softer body parts, stores minerals and produces blood cells

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14
Q

Muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles, produces movement of bones at joints, generates heat

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15
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, monitors changes in environment, interprets the changes, and initiates a response

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16
Q

Endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, thymus, alters the activity of cells by release of hormones

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17
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood vessels, transports blood throughout all areas of the body

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18
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, protects the body from foreign particles and cells

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19
Q

Respiratory system

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, exchanges gases between the bloodstream and the external environment

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20
Q

Digestive system

A

Simplifies food particles into their basic nutrient subunits for absorption into the bloodstream

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21
Q

Urinary system

A

Forms urine to maintain water and salt balance, pH, and nitrogenous waste levels in the blood

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22
Q

Reproductive systems

A

Produces gametes to undergo fertilization for the creation of new individuals

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

How the body obtains and uses energy

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24
Q

Catabolism

A

The breakdown of molecules to produce energy

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25
Q

Anabolism

A

The use of energy to power all activities, such as building new molecules

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26
Q

Directional terminology

A

Refers to a set of terms used to describe the location of structures

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27
Q

Frontal plane

A

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

28
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into left and right parts

29
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Sagittal plane down the middle of the body

30
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Sagittal plane to one side

31
Q

Horizontal plane, transverse plane

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

32
Q

CT Scans

A

Scans use multiple x-ray at different angles, interpreted and enhanced by computer

33
Q

PET scans

A

Scans use radioactive cocktails to identify areas of high metabolic activity

34
Q

MRI

A

uses magnets to isolate hydrogen atoms and interpreted by computer

35
Q

Ultrasound

A

Uses sound waves that echo from internal structures and are interpreted by computer

36
Q

Five major body regions

A

Trunk, Neck, Head, Upper appendages, Lower appendages

37
Q

Parietal layer

A

Thin membrane that line cavities, helps control infection

38
Q

Two major body cavities

A

Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity

39
Q

Dorsal cavity contains:

A

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

40
Q

Ventral cavity contains:

A

Thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity, two pleural cavities(surrounding lung), mediastinum(located between the lungs), Abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

41
Q

extracellular enviroment

A

Area outside of a cell

42
Q

Extra cellular fluid (ECF)

A

Surrounds and bathes the cell in a fluid

43
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Most common ECF in the body

44
Q

Intercellular environment

A

Space immediately between cells

45
Q

Intercellular environment

A

Area within a cell

46
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Attached to the cell membrane to stabilize it structurally

47
Q

Integral proteins

A

Extend through the bilayer to play a role in transport across the membrane

48
Q

Glycoprotein

A

A protein and carbohydrate

49
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration

50
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

A form of diffusion because molecules move passively along

51
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to lower water concentration

52
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The force required to oppose the movement of water molecules

53
Q

Filtration

A

Water is forced across a selectively permeable membrane

54
Q

Active transport

A

Transport across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, which requires a carrier protein and an input of energy in the form of ATP

55
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Mass transport of fluid or particles across the cell membrane by packaging them within small sacks called vesicles

56
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Process of cell eating

57
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Process of cell drinking

58
Q

Exocytosis

A

Method of cellular export of products and waste

59
Q

Excretion

A

Export of waste by exocytosis

60
Q

Secretion

A

Export of products, including hormones, enzymes, antibodies

61
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of proteins forming an internal scaffold in the cytoplasm

62
Q

Centrioles

A

A pair of cylindrical clusters of microtubules

63
Q

Cilia

A

Small projections, often numerous on the surface

64
Q

Flagella

A

Similar to cilia but much longer, usually one per cell

65
Q

Microvilli

A

Tiny foldings of the cell membrane that form many finger like projections

Intro to Anatomy (6 decks)

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