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Biology 212 > Lab exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A
  • Excavata - Englenozoa - Eglenophyta - Trypanosoma
  • be able to identify the flagellum
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2
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Stramenopiles - Bacillariophyta - Diatom
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3
Q
A
  • Archaeplastida - Green Algae - Chlorophyta - ?
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4
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Aveolates - Ciliophora - Paramecium
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5
Q
A
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6
Q
A
  • Unikonta - Amoebozoans - Rhizopoda - Amoeba proteus
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7
Q
A
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8
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Stramenopiles - Phaeophyta - Brown Algae
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9
Q
A
  • Rhyizaria - Radiolarians - Actinopoda
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10
Q
A
  • Eubacteria
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11
Q
A

Archaeplasida - Red Algae - Rhodaphyta - Corallina

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12
Q
A
  • Rhizaria - forminiferans - Foraminifera
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13
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Aveolates - Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates
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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
  • Unikonta - Amoebozoans - Myxomycota - Physarum
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16
Q
A
  • Archaeplastida - Green Algae - Chlorophyta - Spirogyra
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17
Q
A
  • Bacteria - Eubacteria
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18
Q
A
  • Axcavata - Euglenozoa - Englenophyta - Englena
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19
Q

Define evolution

A

Change over time

decent with modifications

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20
Q

Compare and contrast artificial selection and natural selection.

A
  • Artificial selection is of selectively breeding for desirable traits (ie dogs, livestock)
  • Natural selection is the environmental pressures select for certain traits (ie Galapagos island finches)
21
Q

What types of data do we use to support evolution and common ancestry?

A
  • Adaptation evidence
  • Paleontological evidence
  • Comparative anatomical evidence
  • Embryological evidence
  • Molecular Evidence
22
Q

What are some ways variation arises in the natural world?

A

evoluation

mutation

23
Q

Discuss the importance of fossils–what information do fossils provide?

A
  • Evolutionary trends in the morphology, anatomy, injuries, and diseases of organisms
  • characteristics of ancient environments and geography
24
Q

Why is comparative anatomy useful?

A
  • it is evidence that supports evolution of organisms from a common ancestor
  • organisms in turn can be classified based on the extent of similarity of descent from a common ancestor
25
Compare and contrast homologous and analogous structures.
* Homologous structure is a structures that share similar anatomical features and embryological development * analogous structures are structures that have similar functions but evolved different pathways (ie bugs wings and birds wings)
26
Be able to discuss vestigial structures and how they support common ancestry.
* vestigial structures indicate common ancestry and thus can provide evidence for determing evolutionary pathways. * shows similarities even though the environmental pressures haven't gotten rid of them (tailbone, wisdom teeth)
27
What comparisons did you see between vertebrate embryos?
* at some time during embryonic development, all have a postanal tail, somites (body segments), and paired pharyngeal pouches (gill slits).
28
Describe the role of taxonomy in modern biology.
Principal, procedures, rules of scientific classification and naming of organisms
29
Describe the composition and purpose of scientific names
1. Define and describing organisms 2. arranging organisms into a logical classification scheme
30
I dentify organims using a simple biological key (dichotomous key)
yes
31
Understand the hierarchal classification system
Did King Philip Come Over For Good Sex? Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus Species
32
Be able to list domains and kingdoms and provide examples of each.
Domain: 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya Kingdom 1. Animlila - Dog 2. plantae - iris 3. protista - ameba 4. Fungi - Mushroom 5. Eubacteria - *E.coli* 6. Archaeabacteria - Methangens
33
What is a virus?
"poison" tiny, acellular, infectious particles consisting of DNA or RNA that is enclosed in protective layer of protein called a capsid
34
Describe and label the anatomical features of bacteriophages.
35
Compare and contrast enveloped and naked viruses. Provide an example of each.
Enveloped * Encased in a cell membrane provided by the host cell * IE AIDS or herpes Naked * No clothes, aka membrane * IE warts or polio
36
Compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic viruses.
Lytic * .Absorption or attachment * Entry or penetration * Integration * synthesis and assembly * release Lysogenic * Absorption or attachment * Entry or penetration * Integration to the cells DNA * cell carrying prophage divides normally
37
Describe how a disease can be transmitted in a population.
* Air * Contact * bodily fluids
38
Be able to trace the transmission route and identify the original carrier of the disease.
The pink disease.
39
Compare and contrast prions and viroids
* Prions is responsible for diseases in animals * viroids causes disease in plants
40
Explain the difference between Archaea and Bacteria.
Archaea * Old * Histone proteins in with the DNA * Cell wall made of Isoprenyl Ether Bacteria * No histones * cell wall made of Peptidoglycan
41
Know the 3 major groups of Archaea (we will use your textbook classification ) and basic characteristics of each.
1. **extreme halophiles**: are heterotrophs that require large amounts of Na+ (salt) for their growth 2. **extreme thermophiles:** are archaea that require a very high temperature or very low temperature for growth 3. **methanogens:** (Methane producers)are a large, diverse group that inhibit oxygen-free environments in sewage, swamps, and the digestive tracts of humans and other animals.
42
Be able to identify and describe the function of the basic bacterial anatomy.
43
Be able to distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the microscope.
Gram-positive * Blue and purple * simple and thick cell wall Gram-negative * red and pink * thin and complex cell wall
44
Understand how gram staining works and what information it provides.
* it tells how thick the cell wall is and what it is made of. * the gram positive bacteria with their simple and relatively thick layer of the polymer peptidoglycan that traps the crystal violet/iodine complex. * With the gram negative the complex outer layer of lipopolysaccharides sticks to the safranin stain.
45
Be able to identify bacteria based on shape.
* *Bacillus spp. -* rod shaped * Coccus - spherical * Spirillum - siral-shaped
46
Be able to identify the follwing CYANOBACTERIA: 1. *Oscillatoria* 2. *Anabaena*
* Oscillatoria has rod shapes, like rice a roni * Anabaena has bubble ilongated shapes, like a beaded necklace.
47
Explain a few ways that bacteria can be useful. What roles do bacteria play in the environment and in medicine?
Some bacteria helps the gut, helps break things down as decomposers, and can be pathogenic and can be very harmful health wise especially when it evolves to be MRSA.
48
Structures of the Paramecium
49
Structures of an Amoeba

Biology 212 (8 decks)

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