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Lab Animal > Lab Animal Lab Midterm > Flashcards

Lab Animal Lab Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is anesthesia?

A

A state of unconsciousness induced in an animal

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2
Q

What are the 3 goals of anesthesia?

A

Analgesia for pain relief, immobilization, and amnesia

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3
Q

How many stages of anesthesia are there?

A

4

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4
Q

How many planes are involved in stage 3 of anesthesia?

A

4

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5
Q

What happens during Stage I of anesthesia?

A

Amnesia and analgesia

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6
Q

What happens during Stage II of anesthesia?

A

Delirium and lack of inhibition

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7
Q

What happens during Stage III of anesthesia?

A

Surgical anesthesia: characterized by progressive depression of respiration, circulation, reflexes, and muscle tone

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8
Q

What happens during Stage IV of anesthesia?

A

Pre-mortem: between apnea and circulatory collapse

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9
Q

What happens at Plane 1 of Stage III?

A

The animal is under light surgical anesthesia

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10
Q

What happens at Plane 2 of Stage III?

A

The animal is under moderate surgical anesthesia; good for spays/neuters

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11
Q

What happens at Plane 3 of Stage III?

A

The animal is under deep surgical anesthesia; appropriate for more invasive surgeries

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12
Q

What happens at Plane 4 of Stage III?

A

The animal is in a deep surgical anesthesia plane; apnea will usually occur and the animal will have to be ventilated

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13
Q

What are some general considerations to consider?

A

If the species is used extensively or rarely, the different anatomy and physiology, if it is a dangerous or free-ranging species, and the size vs the metabolism of the animal

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14
Q

Why is the animal’s metabolism important with anesthesia?

A

The smaller the animal, the faster the metabolism, you need to consider when deciding what drugs to use and how fast they are eliminated from the body

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15
Q

What factors can not be assessed at a distance?

A
  • Nutrition
  • Disease
  • Infection (zoonotic)
  • Parasitic load
  • Estrus
  • Pregnancy
  • Lactation
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16
Q

What techniques should be used for anesthesia?

A

Accurate body weight, minimize stress, withhold feed, intubation, maintain body temperature, IV catheters, IV fluids, cardiovascular function, monitor reflexes and muscle tone

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17
Q

How long should food be withheld for a cat or larger?

A

12 hours

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18
Q

How long should food be withheld in small animals?

A

2 hours

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19
Q

Is it necessary for food to be withheld from rodents?

A

No

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20
Q

Why is it not recommended to intubate a rabbit?

A

Because of a disease called ileus

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21
Q

Should mice and rats be intubated?

A

No because they are too small

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22
Q

How much volume does an animal lose during anesthesia that should be replaced?

A

3x their body weight

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23
Q

What routes can fluids be given?

A

IV, IP, SQ

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24
Q

At what size can you use the prepared concentration of a medication?

A

The size of a rabbit

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25
Q

What should you consider anesthetically with a rabbit?

A

They are easily frightened, difficult to intubate, and in dorsal recumbency, their abdominal viscera may interfere with their diaphragm movement and venous return

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26
Q

What should you consider anesthetically with a guinea pig?

A

They are difficult to intubate due to pharyngeal anatomy, their soft pallete is continuous with the base of the tongue so the glottis can not be visualized (palatal ostium), they also have a large cecum which contains 65% of their GI contents in addition to storing food in their mouths

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27
Q

What should you consider anesthetically with a hamster?

A

They hold food in their cheeks and tend to bite

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28
Q

What should you consider anesthetically with a zebra?

A

They are equines, but don’t always use the same doses as domestic equines for anesthesia

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29
Q

What should you remember for mouse ear notching?

A
  • Holes, notches, double notches

- Top, middle, bottom

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30
Q

In what order do you notch mouse ears?

A
  • Right ear starts with holes 1, 2, 3; left ear starts with holes 10, 20, 30
  • Right ear notch 4, 5, 6; left ear notch 40, 50, 60
  • Right ear double notch 7, 8, 9; left ear double notch 70, 80, 90
  • Right ear middle hole = 100; left ear middle hole = 200
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31
Q

What number can mouse ear notches go up to?

A

399

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32
Q

Where would you place a microchip on a dog or a cat?

A

Subcutaneous on the dorsal midline, just cranial to the scapulae

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33
Q

Where would you place a microchip on a horse?

A

In the nuchal ligament, halfway between the ears and the withers

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34
Q

Where would you place a microchip on an agricultural animal?

A

Subcutaneous at the base of the left ear

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35
Q

In regards to solutions…

1% = how many grams per 100 mL?

A

1 g/100 mL

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36
Q

In regards to solutions…

1% = how many milligrams per 100 mL?

A

10 mg /100 mL

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37
Q

What is the formula for dosage calculations?

A

Weight (kg) x dose/concentration = dosage

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38
Q

What reflex should an animal never lose?

A

Corneal reflex

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39
Q

What type of injection should be avoided on a mouse if possible, and why?

A

IM, because the sciatic nerve can be lacerated

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40
Q

What type of injection isn’t recommended for a rabbit, and why?

A

IP, because the organs are too large and can get in the way

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41
Q

What is normal surgical fluid rate?

A
  • Canine = 10 ml/kg/hr for the first hour then 5 ml/kg/hr

- Feline = 5 ml/kg/hr

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42
Q

During anesthesia animals lose the ability to ______ making it hard for them to maintain body heat

A

Shiver

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43
Q

Do (colder/warmer) animals wake up faster from anesthesia?

A

Warmer

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44
Q

What reflexes do we monitor?

A

Palpebral, corneal, toe pinch

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45
Q

How do you check the palpebral reflex?

A

Gently tap on the medial aspect of the eye, if the animal is still blinking they are too light

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46
Q

What cranial nerves are connected with the palpebral reflex?

A

5 and 7

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47
Q

What is a way to check muscle tone?

A

Jaw tone

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48
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with jaw tone?

A

5

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49
Q

If an animal is smaller than a ______ then a drugs concentration should be ________

A

Rabbit; diluted

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50
Q

What are the different types of identification for mice?

A
  • Microchips
  • Ear notch/punch
  • Tattooing
  • Toe clipping
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51
Q

For IP injections rodents should be held at a ______ angle and the needle should be at a _____angle

A

225°/ 45°

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52
Q

How can you find percent concentration?

A

Want/got x need = percent concentration

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53
Q

What is the scientific name for the mouse?

A

Mus musculus

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54
Q

What is the scientific name for the rat?

A

Rattus norvegicus

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55
Q

What is the scientific name for the hamster?

A

Mesocricetus auratus

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56
Q

What is the scientific name for the gerbil?

A

Meriones unguiculatus

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57
Q

What is the scientific name for the guinea pig?

A

Cavia porcellus

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58
Q

What is the scientific name for the rabbit?

A

Oryctologus cuniculus

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59
Q

What is the scientific name for the cat?

A

Felis cattus

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60
Q

What is the scientific name for the dog?

A

Canis familiaris (domesticus)

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61
Q

Which animals have a weaning age of 3 weeks?

A

Mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil and guinea pig

62
Q

What animals have a typical life span of 3 years?

A

Mouse, rat, hamster and gerbil

63
Q

What animals have a time of ovulation of 8-11 hours?

A

Mouse and rat, after beginning estrus

64
Q

What animals have a time of ovulation of 8-12 hours

A

Hamster and gerbil, after beginning estrus

65
Q

What animals have a breeding life of 5-7 years?

A

Cats and dogs

66
Q

What animals have an estrous cycle that lasts 4-5 days?

A

Mouse, rat and hamster

67
Q

What animals have a duration of estrus that lasts 9-20 hours?

A

Mouse and rat

68
Q

What animals are induced ovulators?

A

Rabbits and cats

69
Q

Which animal ovulates 24-36 hours after mating?

A

Cats

70
Q

Which animal ovulates 10 hours after mating?

A

Rabbits

71
Q

What animals have a weaning age of 6-8 weeks?

A

Cats and dogs

72
Q

What animals have a gestation period of 63 days?

A

Cats and dogs

73
Q

What animals have a life span of typically 13-17 years?

A

Cats and dogs

74
Q

Which animals have a breeding life of 1 year?

A

Rats (6-8 liters) and hamsters

75
Q

What animal has a weaning age of 8 weeks?

A

Rabbits

76
Q

What animal has a life span of 5-6 years?

A

Guinea pigs

77
Q

What animal has a life span of 5-10 years?

A

Rabbits

78
Q

What animal has a time of ovulation of 10 hours?

A

Guinea pigs, after beginning estrus

79
Q

What animal has a time of ovulation of 3-4 days?

A

Dogs, after estrus

80
Q

What animal’s breeding life is 9 months?

A

Mouse (6-8 liters)

81
Q

What animal has a breeding life of 1-2 years?

A

Gerbil

82
Q

What animal has a breeding life of 4-5 years?

A

Guinea pigs, for males

83
Q

What animal has a breeding life of 2-3 years?

A

Rabbits

84
Q

What animal has an estrous cycle of 4-7 days?

A

Gerbil

85
Q

What animal has an estrous cycle of 16 days?

A

Guinea pigs

86
Q

What animal has an estrous cycle of 4-9 months?

A

Rabbits

87
Q

What animal has an estrous cycle of 15-21 days?

A

Cats

88
Q

What animal has an estrous cycle of 180 days?

A

Dogs (2x per year)

89
Q

What is the adult weight of a mouse?

A

20-63 g

90
Q

What is the adult weight of a rat?

A

225-500 g

91
Q

What is the adult weight of a hamster?

A

87-130 g

92
Q

What is the adult weight of a gerbil?

A

46-131 g

93
Q

What is the adult weight of a guinea pig?

A

850-1200 g

94
Q

What is the adult weight of a rabbit?

A

2-6 kg

95
Q

What is the adult weight of a cat?

A

2-4 kg

96
Q

What is the adult weight of a dog?

A

13-18 kg

97
Q

What is the birthweight of a mouse?

A

1.5 g

98
Q

What is the birthweight of a rat?

A

5 g

99
Q

What is the birthweight of a hamster?

A

2 g

100
Q

What is the birthweight of a gerbil?

A

3 g

101
Q

What is the birthweight of a guinea pig?

A

100 g

102
Q

What is the birthweight of a rabbit?

A

30-80 g

103
Q

What is the birthweight of a cat?

A

125 g

104
Q

What is the birthweight of a dog?

A

350-450 g

105
Q

What is the breeding age of a mouse?

A

2 months minimum

106
Q

What is the breeding age of a rat?

A

3 months minimum

107
Q

What is the breeding age of a hamster?

A

2-2.5 months minimum

108
Q

What is the breeding age of a gerbil?

A

2.5-3 months minimum

109
Q

What is the breeding age of a guinea pig?

A

3-5 months maximum for females

110
Q

What is the breeding age of a rabbit?

A

4.5-12 months

111
Q

What is the breeding age of a cat?

A

7-9 months for females; 9-12 months for males

112
Q

What is the breeding age of a dog?

A

8-10 months for females; 9-11 months for males

113
Q

What is the duration of estrus for a hamster?

A

4-23 hours

114
Q

What is the duration of estrus for a gerbil?

A

24 hours

115
Q

What is the duration of estrus for a guinea pig?

A

6-11 hours

116
Q

What is the duration of estrus for a rabbit?

A

4-17 hours receptive

117
Q

What is the duration of estrus for a cat?

A

4 days with a male present, 9 days without a male present

118
Q

What is the duration of estrus for a dog?

A

3-21 days (9 being the average)

119
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the mouse?

A

14-28 hours

120
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the rat?

A

Within 24 hours

121
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the hamster?

A

1-8 days

122
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the gerbil?

A

Within a few hours

123
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the guinea pig?

A

2-10 hours

124
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the rabbit?

A

35 days

125
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the cat?

A

4-6 weeks after kittens have weaned

126
Q

What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the dog?

A

Not until the next breeding season

127
Q

What is the gestation period for the mouse?

A

19 days

128
Q

What is the gestation period for the rat?

A

22 days

129
Q

What is the gestation period for the hamster?

A

16 days

130
Q

What is the gestation period for the gerbil?

A

25 days

131
Q

What is the gestation period for the guinea pig?

A

68 days

132
Q

What is the gestation period for the rabbit?

A

32 days

133
Q

How big is the typical litter of the mouse?

A

10-12 pups

134
Q

How big is the typical litter of the rat?

A

6-12 pups

135
Q

How big is the typical litter of the hamster?

A

5-10 pups

136
Q

How big is the typical litter of the gerbil?

A

3-8 pups

137
Q

How big is the typical litter of the guinea pig?

A

2-4 pups

138
Q

How big is the typical litter of the rabbit?

A

4-12 kits

139
Q

How big is the typical litter of the cat?

A

3-5 kittens

140
Q

How big is the typical litter of the dog?

A

4-8 puppies

141
Q

Which animals young open their eyes between 12-14 days?

A

Mouse and dog

142
Q

At what age do the eyes open of the rat?

A

7-14 days

143
Q

At what age do the eyes open of the hamster?

A

15 days

144
Q

At what age do the eyes open of the gerbil?

A

17-18 days

145
Q

At what age do the eyes open of the guinea pig?

A

At birth (precocious young)

146
Q

At what age do the eyes open of the rabbit?

A

10 days

147
Q

At what age do the eyes open of the cat?

A

8-10 days

148
Q

What is the duration of estrus?

A

The “in heat” of receptive time of breeding

149
Q

What is the time of ovulation?

A

When the egg is released to be fertilized

150
Q

What is the postpartum estrus of an animal?

A

The next time an animal can get pregnant

Lab Animal (12 decks)

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