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Lab Animal > Lab Animal Diseases > Flashcards

Lab Animal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common diseases/conditions of mice?

A
  • Sendai virus
  • Mouse hepatitis virus
  • bite wounds
  • hair loss from friction or barbering
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2
Q

What causes the sendai virus of the mouse?

A

Parainfluenza type 1

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3
Q

What is the most common respiratory disease of the mouse?

A

Sendai virus

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of sendai virus of the mouse?

A
  • Hunched posture
  • Ruffled fir
  • Dyspnea
  • Teeth chattering
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5
Q

What causes the mouse hepatitis virus?

A

Coronovirus

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6
Q

What is the most common viral disease of the mouse?

A

Hepatitis virus because it is highly contagious and it is both a enteric disease and a respiratory disease

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7
Q

How do you treat hepatitis virus of the mouse?

A

Cease breeding for 4 weeks to allow time for the mice to eliminate the virus

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8
Q

What bacteria may be found in infected mice bite wounds?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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9
Q

What are the most common diseases of the rat?

A
  • Mycoplasm pulmonis
  • Sialodacryoadentitis virus
  • Neoplasia
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10
Q

What are the most common conditions of the rat?

A
  • Chromodacryorrhea
  • Chronic progressive glommerulonephropathy
  • Malocclusion
  • Ringtail
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11
Q

What is the most common respiratory pathogen of the rat?

A

Mycoplasm pulmonis

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12
Q

How is mycoplasm pulmonis transmitted between rats?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Intrauterine
  • Sexual transmission
  • Aerosol
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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of mycoplasm pulmonis of the rat?

A
  • Labored breathing
  • Weight loss
  • Lethargy
  • Hunched posture
  • Rough hair coat
  • Otits interna
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14
Q

Will antibiotics help treat mycoplasm pulmonis of the rat?

A

Antibiotics will suppress infection, but not eliminate it

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15
Q

What is sialodacryoadentitis virus of the rat?

A

A gram positive bacteria infection that is highly contagious and causes inflammation of he salivary and lacrimal glands

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of sialodacryoadentitis virus of the rat?

A
  • Eye squinting
  • Swelling of the ventral cervical region and jaw
  • Protrusion of the eye
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17
Q

How is sialodacryoadentits virus of the rat treated?

A

It does not need to be treated as it will resolve itself on its own within 10-14 days; reinfected animals may be subclinical but still shed virus

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18
Q

What kind of neoplasias can rat get?

A
  • Mammary tumors
  • Keratoancanthomas
  • Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
  • Pituitary adenomas
  • Zymbal’s gland tumors
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19
Q

What is chromodacryorrhea in the rat?

A

Excessive red tears due to the porphyrin in their system

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20
Q

What is the most common disease of gerbil?

A

Tyzzer’s disease

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21
Q

What is tyzzer’s disease caused by?

A

Clostridium piliforme

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22
Q

How is tyzzer’s disease transmitted?

A

Through fecal and oral transmission

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23
Q

At what age are gerbils most susceptible to tyzzer’s disease?

A

Weanlings, and the mortality rate is very high in gerbils 3-7 weeks of age

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24
Q

What are the contributing factors to tyzzer’s disease?

A

Poor sanitation and stress

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25
Q

What are the clinical signs of tyzzer’s disease?

A
  • Ruff hair coat
  • Lethargy
  • Diarrhea
  • Anorexia
  • Death within 1-3 days
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26
Q

Can tyzzer’s disease be treated?

A

Treatment may help suppress infection, but not cure it because spores will survive in the environment for prolonged periods of time

27
Q

What are the most common conditions of gerbils?

A
  • Nasal dermatitis
  • Degloving of the tail
  • Epileptiform seizures
28
Q

What is antibiotic associated entercolitis of the hamster?

A

GI infection caused by the animal received any of the PLACE or VGC drugs

29
Q

What are the PLACE drugs that should not be administered to lab animals?

A
  • Penicillian
  • Lincomycin
  • Amplicillin/Amoxicillin
  • Clindamycin
  • Erythromycin
30
Q

What are the VGC drugs that should not be administered to a hamster?

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Gentamicin
31
Q

What are the clinical signs of antibiotic associated entercolitis?

A
  • Ruffled hair
  • Anorexia
  • Profuse diarrhea
  • Dehydration
  • Death within 4-10 days
32
Q

Why is antibiotic associated entercolitis so serious to hamsters?

A

Because it disrupts the normal flora of the GI tract including the lactobacillus and the bacteroides with Clostridium difficile toxins

33
Q

How can antibiotic associate entercolits be treated in a hamster?

A

Lactobacillus supplement and supportive care

34
Q

What is the scientific name for wet tail?

A

Proliferative ileitis

35
Q

What diseases commonly affect the hamster?

A
  • Antibiotic associated entercolitis
  • Proliferative ileitis aka wet tail
  • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis aka LCM
36
Q

What are some conditions that commonly affect the hamster?

A
  • Renal amyloidosis in females

- Atrial thrombosis of the left atrium

37
Q

What is wet tail caused by?

A

Desulfovibio sp

38
Q

At what age are are hamsters most susceptible to wet tail?

A

3-8 weeks of age

39
Q

How is wet tail transmitted?

A

Through fecal and oral transmission with stress being the biggest contributing factor

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of wet tail?

A
  • Unkempt hair coat
  • Anorexia
  • Moistened peritoneal area
  • Fetid watery diarrhea
  • Dehydration
  • Distended bowl loops
  • Rectal prolapse
  • Intussusception
41
Q

What is the natural reservoir of lymphocytic choriomeningitis?

A

The wild mouse and it is spread through infected saliva, feces or urine

42
Q

Is lymphocytic choriomeningitis zoonotic?

A

Yes, LCM infected hamsters are the primary source of LCM in humans

43
Q

What are the main diseases/conditions guinea pigs can get?

A
  • Antibiotic toxicity
  • Malocclusion aka Slobbers
  • Scurvy
  • Pregnancy complications
44
Q

What drugs in addition to PLACE medications should a guinea pig never receive?

A
  • Bacitracin

- Dihydrostreptomycin

45
Q

Why is oral, parenteral or topical administration not recommended for guinea pigs?

A

Because it affects the normal flora of including lactobacillus and streptococcus and causes overgrowth of clostridium difficile and e.coli

46
Q

Which teeth are most likely to malocclude in the guinea pig?

A

Premolars and rostral molars due to genetic disposition

47
Q

What are the clinical signs of slobbers?

A
  • Ptyalism
  • Halitosis
  • Chronic weight loss
  • Tongue trauma
48
Q

What is scurvy?

A

When a guinea pig can not convert L-gulonolactone to L-absorbic acid and therefore require a Vitamin C supplement

49
Q

At what dose should a Vitamin C supplement be given to a guinea pig with scruvy?

A

15-20 mg/kg

50
Q

What are the clinical signs of scurvy?

A
  • Reluctance to move due to sore joints
  • Unkempt appearance
  • Swollen joints
  • Diarrhea
51
Q

What pregnancy complications are guinea pigs susceptible to?

A
  • Dystocia

- Pregnancy toxemia aka ketosis

52
Q

What diseases are rabbits prone to?

A
  • Pasteurella multocida aka snuffles
  • Enterotoxemia
  • Mucoid enteropathy
  • Venereal spirocetosis aka syphillis aka vent disease
  • Ear mites
  • Protazoa
  • Coccidiosis
  • Uterine Adenocarcinoma
53
Q

What conditions are rabbits prone to?

A
  • Fracture or luxation of L7-S1
  • Hair balls aka trichobezoars
  • Ketosis
  • Malocclusion
  • Splay leg
  • Ulcerative pododermatitis aka sore hock
54
Q

What is the most common disease of the rabbit?

A

Pasteurella multocida aka snuffles and is harbored in the nasal passages and tympanic bullae and can eventually affect the reproductive tract

55
Q

What can otitis interna in the rabbit lead to?

A

Torticollis aka wry neck

56
Q

How can Pasteurella multocida in the rabbit be controlled?

A
  • Quarantine incoming animals
  • Eliminate environmental stressors
  • Isolation/culling of affected individuals
  • Medicated feed
57
Q

What should be used to treat enterotoxemia in a rabbit?

A

Cholestryramine to absorb PLACE drug toxins

58
Q

What age rabbits are effected most by mucoid enteropathy?

A

Young rabbits 7-10 weeks of age

59
Q

What are the clinical signs of mucoid enteropathy?

A
  • Abdominal distention
  • Sloshing sounds in the intestines
  • Hunching position
  • Depression
  • Polydipsia
  • Anorexia
  • Hypothermia
  • Constipation followed by diarrhea
60
Q

What is rabbit venereal spirocetosis caused by?

A

Treponema cuniculi

61
Q

What causes protazoa in rabbits?

A

Encephalitiozoon cuniculi shed in urine and ingested and can be transmitted from mother to offspring

62
Q

How can coccidiosis in rabbits be prevented?

A
  • Strict cleaning and disinfection
  • Use of wire hanging cages
  • Medicated food and water
  • Culling of infected animals
63
Q

What is the most common neoplasm of rabbits?

A

Uterine adenocarcinoma in does 5 years and older if not spayed

Lab Animal (12 decks)

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