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Lab Animal > Disinfection and Sterilization > Flashcards

Disinfection and Sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the father of the antiseptic technique?

A

Joseph Lister, he used carbolic acid to clean surgical site

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2
Q

Who was the first to use heat sterilization?

A

Ernst von Bergmann used boiling water to clean

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3
Q

Who invented the first design for an autoclave?

A

Robert Koch invented steam sterilization

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4
Q

Who was the first person to use surgical gloves for procedures?

A

William Stewart Halstead

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5
Q

What is asepsis?

A

Freedom from infection

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6
Q

What is antimicrobial?

A

A substance that is destructive to SOME microorganisms

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7
Q

What are some things that an antimicrobial will not kill?

A

Tuberculosis and spore forming bacteria

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8
Q

What is a cleaning agent?

A

A chemical that when used in conjunction with some form of agitation will aid the removal of soil

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9
Q

What is bacteriostat?

A

It inhibits the growth of bacteria but does not necessarily kill them

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10
Q

What is decontamination?

A

Total process of removing contaminants from surfaces in laboratory animal research areas

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11
Q

What is a sanitizer?

A

It reduces vegetative (actual growing) bacteria by 99.9% to 99.999%

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12
Q

What is a disinfectant?

A

It destroys 100% of the vegatative bacteria (of certain species) under specified test conditions, and should not be used on skin

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13
Q

What are some things that disinfectants do not include efficacy against?

A
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
  • Tuberculosis
  • Bacterial spores
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14
Q

What is an antiseptic

A

A substance that destroys most microorganisms and can be used on the skin

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15
Q

What are some things to consider when choosing a disinfectant?

A
  • Non-staining, non-toxic, non-irritating to people and animals
  • Readily mixes with water and rinses off surfaces easily
  • Rapid and broad spectrum kill of the organisms
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16
Q

How does chlorine and chlorine compound halogens work?

A

By forming hydrochloric acid and is very effective and relatively inexpensive

17
Q

What are some cons of chlorine and chlorine compound halogens like bleach?

A
  • It has a corrosive effect on certain metals, concrete and clothing
  • Can pose problems for animals and personnel
18
Q

Which antiseptic is one of the oldest and most effective?

A

Iodine and it can kill many kinds of microorganisms

19
Q

What is an iodophor?

A

A combination of iodine and carrier molecules with prolonged antimicrobial material

20
Q

What is iodophors most effective against?

A

Bacterial spores but the solution must remain moist and in contact with the sire for more than 15 minutes

21
Q

What are iodophors mainly used for?

A

Surgical skin scrub

22
Q

Does alcohol kill bacterial spores?

A

No, it is a bactericidal for vegetative cells and is active against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses

23
Q

What are phenol and phenolic compounds used for?

A

They are good broad spectrum disinfectants that can kill both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses

24
Q

What are some things to be cautious of with phenol and phenolic compounds?

A
  • Extremely corrosive and require exceptional precautions in handling
  • Hazardous to cats
  • Can depigment skin and pose problems to healthWha
25
Q

What are some advantages of formaldehyde?

A
  • Broad spectrum of activity
  • Rapid action
  • Sporicidal at high concentrations
26
Q

What are some disadvantages of formaldehyde?

A
  • Temperature and humidity and dependent
  • Toxic
  • Carcinogenic
27
Q

Which cleaner is most effective against gram +/- bacteria?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

28
Q

What is sterilization?

A

Complete destruction of living organisms

29
Q

What is physical sterilization?

A
  • Filtration
  • Radiation
  • Thermal energy
30
Q

What is chemical sterilization?

A

Ethylene oxide

31
Q

What is autoclave sterilization?

A

Thermal sterilization saturated steam under pressure

32
Q

What are the recommended time and temperature for autoclave sterilization?

A

-121 C, or 250 F for 13 minutes

33
Q

What is the recommended time and temperature for flash sterilization?

A

131 C or 270 F for 3 minutes

Lab Animal (12 decks)

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