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Bio102 > Lab 9: Phylum Echinodermata > Flashcards

Lab 9: Phylum Echinodermata Flashcards

1
Q

Are Echinodermata protostomes or deuterostomes

A

Deuterostomes

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2
Q

Do echinoderms belong to the sea, land, and freshwater?

A

No; there are no freshwater or terrestrial deuterostomes. They only belong to the sea

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3
Q

What are Crinoidea? Which direction does their mouth face? What are its appendages?

A

Sea lillies and feather stars; mouth faces upwards; long branched arms that bear tube feet

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4
Q

What are Holothuroidea?

A

Sea cucumbers

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5
Q

What are Echinoidea? What are its appendages?

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars; body is globular or disk-shaped; skeletal plates fused into a rigid skeleton called a test

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6
Q

What is a “test”?

A

In Echinoidea, the rigid skeleton that skeletal plates are fused into

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7
Q

What are Ophiuroidea?

A

Brittle stars and basket stars

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8
Q

What are Asteroidea? What are its appendages?

A

Sea stars; body star-shaped with 5 or more arms; thick arms not distinct from central body disk; tube feet lie in open grooves

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9
Q

The larvae of echinoderms still retain what kind of symmetry?

A

Bilateral

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10
Q

What are the four traits believed to make echinoderms successful that cnidarian do not have?

A

-Radial symmetry
-Triploblasty
-A coelom
-Endoskeleton

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11
Q

What is pentaradial symmetry?

A

radial symmetry found in echinoderms; involves five parts arranged concentrically around a central axis

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12
Q

Describe the Water Vascular System (WVS)?

A

system of fluid-filled canals unique to echinoderms; derived from the coelom; plays role in movement, gas exchange, circulation, and feeding

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13
Q

What are the Ampulla and Podium?

A

The tube foot

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14
Q

What are ossicles?

A

Calcium carbonate plates the endoskeleton of echinoderms is composed of

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15
Q

What is structural support in echinoderms provided by?

A

An endoskeleton

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16
Q

What is it called when the endoskeleton extends past the epidermis of some echinoderms?

A

Spines

17
Q

What are pedicellaria?

A

claw-like structure that sea urchins and sea stars have on their surface to keep the surface clean, protect from predators and capture prey.

18
Q

What is a unique function of ossicles?

A

Ossicles are bound together by connective tissue that allows them, through neurological control, can alter degree of stiffness and fluidity.

19
Q

What is the feeding strategy of echinodermata?

A

Feeders, scavengers, grazers, and carnivores.

20
Q

What kind of digestive tract do echinodermata have?

A

Complete

21
Q

What is gas exchange like in echinodermata?

A

exchange of gases occurs across skin gills, which are an en extension of the coelom, and pushed out to the surface between spines

22
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in echinodermata?

A

O2 moves from water into the coelom fluid of the skin gill; CO2 moves from in opposite directions. Gas exchange occurs across the surface of the fluid-filled tube feet.

23
Q

Digested nutrients from the digestive tract are circulated along with O2 around the body by the _____?

A

Coelom

24
Q

How do echinodermata excrete waste?

A

They have no excretory organs; nitrogenous waste diffuses across the skin gills from the coelomic fluid and across the tube feet

25
Q

How do echinoderms reproduce?

A

Sexes are separate and fertilization is external

26
Q

What kind of NS do echinoderms have?

A

Non-centralized; they have no brain. But they do have some sensorary cells that detect some dissolved chemicals, water current, light, position relative to gravity, and touch

27
Q

Each arm of a sea star has _______________ at its end that responds to _______ and ______ in the water

A

sensory tentacles; chemicals and vibrations

28
Q

Why does a sea star lift the end of an arm?

A

To percieve light and movement

29
Q

Which of the animals listed has a nervous system most like the nervous system of the sea star?

A

sea anemone

30
Q

What part of the body does a sea star use for locomotion?

A

Tube feet

31
Q

Do the tube feet of a sea star have suckers?

A

Yes

32
Q

What part of the brittle star’s body is primarily used for locomotion?

A

Arms

33
Q

Do the tube feet of a brittle star have suckers?

A

No

34
Q

Which of these has arms that are broadly attached the central disc?

A

Sea star

35
Q

Which type of echinoderm shows bilateral features, resembling an elongated cylinder with the mouth and the anus located at the opposite ends and dorsal and ventral sides?

A

Sea cucumber

36
Q

A sea cucumber that is a deposit feeder, moves along the sand on its ventral side and scoops sand into the moth at the anterior end.

What comparison would you expect to see in the tube feet on the ventral and dorsal sides of this type of sea cucumber?

A

Expect the ventral tube feet to be larger and more developed than the dorsal tube feet.

Bio102 (12 decks)

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