Lab 10: Chordata Flashcards

1
Q

Why are adult tunicate’s called “sea squirts”?

A

they squirt water out of their excurrent siphon when disturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What phylum are chordata most closely related to?

A

Echinodermata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of symmetry do chordates have?

A

bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do chordates have a coelom?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four characteristics that all chordates share at some point in their life?

A

-Notochord
-Dorsal, hallow nerve cord
-Pharyngeal slits
-Postanal tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two subphylum of invertebrate chordates?

A

-Urochordata
-Cephalochordata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A transitional fossil is:

A

a fossil that has some ancestral characteristics and some newly derived characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following is a tetrapod but not an amniote? Choices: Frog, snake, bird, badger

A

frog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pattern in the limbs of tetrapods described by Neil Shubin in the video (one bone, two bones, lots of little bones, digits) is evidence that:

A

the limbs of a bird, lizard, frog, human are homologous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following is chordates closest relative? Choices: sea star, squid, horseshoe crab

A

Sea star

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following is an invertebrate chordate? Choices: tunicate(sea squirt), hagfish, lamprey, shark

A

tunicate (sea squirt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An agnathan is:

A

a chordate without jaws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does this description match:

The chordate hallmark that is a a flexible rod supporting the bodies of chordate embryos and is retained or modified in some adult chordates.

A

notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mammal clade that gives birth to young that are nourished for a very short time by the placenta and then finish development in a pouch.

A

Marsupial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which mammal clade lays eggs?

A

Monotreme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which mammal clade gives birth fo fully developed young that were nourished through development by the placenta.

A

Eutherian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of heart does a frog have?

A

Three chambered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of heart does a horse have?

A

Four chambered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of heart does a chicken have?

A

Four chambered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kind of heart does a crocodile have?

A

Four chambered

21
Q

What kind of heart does a snake have?

A

Three chambered

22
Q

What kind of heart does a fish have?

A

Two chambered

23
Q

Which type of animal devotes a greater proportion of its energy to maintaining body temperature?

A

Endotherm

24
Q

List three endotherms

A

-Bird
-Horse
-Koala
(all birds and mammals are endotherms)

25
Q

Which subphylum of Chordata retains all four key chordate characteristics as adults?

A

Cephalochordata

26
Q

animals in subphylum Urochordata are commonly called what?

A

Tunicates

27
Q

Where does the word “tunicate” come from?

A

comes from a tunicates outer covering, called the
tunic, that protects the animal from predator

28
Q

Describe the notochord in a chordate

A

flexible rod that supports body of chordate embryos

29
Q

Describe the dorsal, hallow nerve chord

A

eventually will become the spinal chord

30
Q

Describe the pharyngeal slits

A

openings that connect to the pharynx, or throat to the outside of the neck and help function in filter feeding

31
Q

Describe the post anal tail

A

skeletal extension of the posterior end of the body beyond the anus

32
Q

What are tetrapods?

A

Animals with four limbs

33
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

-Birds and mammals
-Heat from within, narrow range even when environment changes

34
Q

What is an exotherm?

A

-Fish, amphibians, snakes, lizards
-Mirrors temp of surroundings

35
Q

What is an amniote?

A

a group of vertebrates that includes reptiles, birds, and mammals

36
Q

What are gnathostomes?

A

Organisms with jaws

37
Q

As sessile adults, what key chordate features do urochordata’s lose?

A

The notochord and tail, their dorsal hollow nerve chord becomes reduced but pharyngeal slits are retained

38
Q

What are dermal denticles?

A

They are tiny v-shaped scales that decrease drag and turbulence which allow the shark to swim faster and more quietly.

39
Q

What is the main reason fins are so adaptive for sharks?

A

They move the shark forward, stabilize, and prevent rolling as they swim through the water. It provides a “lift” as it swims

40
Q

How do skates do gas exchange?

A

Through their gills located on the ventral surface, they bring water in for gas exchange across the gills primarily through their spiracles rather than their mouth

41
Q

What does the swim bladder do?

A

It provides neutral buoyancy which is the ability of an organism to use little or no energy to stay at particular levels of water

42
Q

Do both ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish both have a swim bladder?

A

No, only ray-finned fish. The lungs were retained in lobe-finned fish.

43
Q

What is an anatomical placode?

A

epidermal thickening where skin appendages (scales, feathers, hair) develop

44
Q

T/F: Snakes and lizards are fully terrestrial

A

True

45
Q

T/F: Amphibians are fully terrestrial

A

False, they lack an amniotic egg

46
Q

What kind of heart do birds, crocodilians, and mammals have?

A

4-chambered heart, 2 atria and 2 ventricles

47
Q

Explain the circulation in a 4 chambered heart

A

Deoxygenated blood is received by right atrium and then pumped to the lungs by the right ventricle. Oxygenated blood is received by the left atrium and then pumped to the body by the left ventricle

48
Q
A