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Bio102 > Lab 3: Phylum Cnidaria > Flashcards

Lab 3: Phylum Cnidaria Flashcards

1
Q

What are cnidaria?

A

Soft-bodied stinging animals such as corals, sea anemones, and jelly fish

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2
Q

What clade do cnidarians belong to?

A

Eumetazoa, like other animals, because they form tissues

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3
Q

The highest level of organization of sponges is?

A

Cells

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4
Q

Type of symmetry found in sponges?

A

Assymetrical

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5
Q

The highest level of organization of cnidarians is?

A

Tissues

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6
Q

The type of symmetry found in cnidarians is?

A

Radial symmetry

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7
Q

What is the name of the tissue found in the inner layer of the body wall of an adult anemone?

A

Gastrodermis

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8
Q

From what germ layer of the embryo did this gastrodermis tissue layer develop?

A

Endoderm

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9
Q

What is the name of the middle layer of an adult anemone?

A

Mesoglea

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10
Q

Which is true about the middle layer of an adullt anemone?

A

It is composed of non-living gel-like material.

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11
Q

During what stage of development do the germ layers form?

A

Gastrulation

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12
Q

Which change of shape will contraction of the circular muscles produce?

A

Taller and Thinner

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13
Q

Antagonistic muscles are necessary because…

A

Muscle can only shorten. An antagonist is needed to return them to their original shape.

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14
Q

What property of water makes it useful as part of a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

When pressure is applied to a water filled space, it can not be compressed but can transfer the pressure to another part of the body.

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15
Q

What is the name of an anemone’s feeding strategy?

A

Suspension Feeding

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16
Q

T/F: Excess carbohydrates are converted into nitrogenous waste.

A

False

17
Q

What is the name of the nitrogenous waste in cnidarians?

A

ammonia

18
Q

Nitrogenous waste must be excreted from the body. How do cnidarians get nitrogenous waste out of their body?

A

It diffuses out of each individual cell into the surrounding water.

19
Q

Which of the following happens to the zooxanthellae and coral relationship when the temperature of the surrounding water becomes too hot?

A

The zooxanthellae are expelled from the coral.

20
Q

How does the appearance of coral change when the temperature of the surrounding water becomes too hot?

A

The coral appear white.

21
Q

What is a Polyp?

A

a cycliner-like body with the mouth pointing up and tentacles waving above. Ex. Anemone

22
Q

What is a medusa?

A

A bell-shaped body with the mouth pointing down and the tentacles hanging below. Ex. Jelly fish

23
Q

What is the internal space in an adult anemone?

A

The gastrovascular cavity

24
Q

What type of nervous system do cnidarians have?

A

A diffuse, non-centralized nervous system. They lack a true brain and instead have a system of separate , individual neurons located throughout the body

25
Q

What are the requirements of a hydrostatic skeleton?

A
  1. an enclosed cavity containing a substance (usually water) that cannot be compressed
  2. the volume of a liquid in the cavity should remain constant while pressure is being applied, therefore the compartment must remain closed
    3) the cavity is located between a set of muscles that must act opposite to one another; these are called antagonistic muscles
    4) nerve cells to stimulate the muscles to contract (shorten)
    5) the cavity must be surrounded by a flexible outer body membrane so that the outer body wall can be deformed (shape changed)
26
Q

What is a nematocyst?

A

A barbed, venomous, coiled thread-like structure within the cells of the body wall in a cnidarian

27
Q

Where do coral get their color from?

A

Tiny algae inside of them called zooxanthellae. Ex. mustualistic symbiotic relationship

28
Q

What germ layer of the embryo did the Epidermis come from?

A

Ectoderm

29
Q

What layer is the epidermis?

A

Outer

30
Q

Does an anemone have a complete or incomplete digestive tract?

A

Incomplete

31
Q

What part of an anemone secretes digestive enzymes?

A

Gastrodermis

32
Q

What part of an anemone distributes nutrients?

A

GVC

33
Q

Jellyfish can be larger because their bells are packed with mesoglea. Why does this solve the surface area to volume dilemma?

A

Because jellyfish mesoglea isn’t living so it can get thick and not need O2 while animals with a living middle layer need to be flat so every living layer gets O2

Bio102 (12 decks)

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