Lab 3: Phylum Cnidaria Flashcards
What are cnidaria?
Soft-bodied stinging animals such as corals, sea anemones, and jelly fish
What clade do cnidarians belong to?
Eumetazoa, like other animals, because they form tissues
The highest level of organization of sponges is?
Cells
Type of symmetry found in sponges?
Assymetrical
The highest level of organization of cnidarians is?
Tissues
The type of symmetry found in cnidarians is?
Radial symmetry
What is the name of the tissue found in the inner layer of the body wall of an adult anemone?
Gastrodermis
From what germ layer of the embryo did this gastrodermis tissue layer develop?
Endoderm
What is the name of the middle layer of an adult anemone?
Mesoglea
Which is true about the middle layer of an adullt anemone?
It is composed of non-living gel-like material.
During what stage of development do the germ layers form?
Gastrulation
Which change of shape will contraction of the circular muscles produce?
Taller and Thinner
Antagonistic muscles are necessary because…
Muscle can only shorten. An antagonist is needed to return them to their original shape.
What property of water makes it useful as part of a hydrostatic skeleton?
When pressure is applied to a water filled space, it can not be compressed but can transfer the pressure to another part of the body.
What is the name of an anemone’s feeding strategy?
Suspension Feeding
T/F: Excess carbohydrates are converted into nitrogenous waste.
False
What is the name of the nitrogenous waste in cnidarians?
ammonia
Nitrogenous waste must be excreted from the body. How do cnidarians get nitrogenous waste out of their body?
It diffuses out of each individual cell into the surrounding water.
Which of the following happens to the zooxanthellae and coral relationship when the temperature of the surrounding water becomes too hot?
The zooxanthellae are expelled from the coral.
How does the appearance of coral change when the temperature of the surrounding water becomes too hot?
The coral appear white.
What is a Polyp?
a cycliner-like body with the mouth pointing up and tentacles waving above. Ex. Anemone
What is a medusa?
A bell-shaped body with the mouth pointing down and the tentacles hanging below. Ex. Jelly fish
What is the internal space in an adult anemone?
The gastrovascular cavity
What type of nervous system do cnidarians have?
A diffuse, non-centralized nervous system. They lack a true brain and instead have a system of separate , individual neurons located throughout the body
What are the requirements of a hydrostatic skeleton?
- an enclosed cavity containing a substance (usually water) that cannot be compressed
- the volume of a liquid in the cavity should remain constant while pressure is being applied, therefore the compartment must remain closed
3) the cavity is located between a set of muscles that must act opposite to one another; these are called antagonistic muscles
4) nerve cells to stimulate the muscles to contract (shorten)
5) the cavity must be surrounded by a flexible outer body membrane so that the outer body wall can be deformed (shape changed)
What is a nematocyst?
A barbed, venomous, coiled thread-like structure within the cells of the body wall in a cnidarian
Where do coral get their color from?
Tiny algae inside of them called zooxanthellae. Ex. mustualistic symbiotic relationship
What germ layer of the embryo did the Epidermis come from?
Ectoderm
What layer is the epidermis?
Outer
Does an anemone have a complete or incomplete digestive tract?
Incomplete
What part of an anemone secretes digestive enzymes?
Gastrodermis
What part of an anemone distributes nutrients?
GVC
Jellyfish can be larger because their bells are packed with mesoglea. Why does this solve the surface area to volume dilemma?
Because jellyfish mesoglea isn’t living so it can get thick and not need O2 while animals with a living middle layer need to be flat so every living layer gets O2