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Bio102 > Lab 8: Phylum Arthropoda > Flashcards

Lab 8: Phylum Arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

What clade do arthropoda belong to?

A

Protostomes

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2
Q

What three criteria make arthropoda the most successful group of animals?

A

-Diversity
-Abundance
-Distribution

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3
Q

What percentage of arthropoda are insects?

A

90%

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4
Q

What is the arthropoda cuticle produced by; what is is composed of?

A

The epidermis; chitin

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5
Q

Why is the cuticle so flexible?

A

There are so many kinds of arthropoda that it can be modified for their environment
Ex: crustaceans that live in water have a thick cuticle because they live in water so that can support a heavy exoskeleton

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6
Q

What functions does the exoskeleton (cuticle) provide?

A

-structural support
-attachment for locomotion
-protection against predators of the same scale
-prevention of water loss (desiccation)

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7
Q

Which subphyla of arthropoda have the most well-developed cuticle waxy layer?

A

The terrestrial arthropods (land) because it prevents loss of water

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8
Q

Is the exoskeleton living or nonliving? Does it shed?

A

It is nonliving so it must shed as the animals grow

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9
Q

What constraints does the cuticle impose?

A

-when the cuticle is shed, its soft which makes the arthropod vulnerable until it hardens
-it is not easy to get out of the old exoskeleton (some may die because they cannot molt successfully)
-muscles attach to exoskeleton and use it for movement, soft exoskeleton is no good for this
-exoskeleton limits size of arthropod’s; cannot support weight when first molted

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10
Q

Body in arthropods is divided into a linear series of modules called _____

A

segments

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11
Q

What is tagmatization?

A

The fusion of segments during development into specialized functional units

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12
Q

What are the specialized body functions formed; what appendages does it include?

A

Tagmata; walking legs, antennae, mouth parts, reproductive structures, and wings

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13
Q

What are the four different schemes of tagmatization we will be studying for the four subphyla of arthropods?

A

-head and trunk
-head, thorax, and abdomen
-cephalothorax and abdomen
-prosoma and opisthosoma

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14
Q

What is the main body cavity in arthropods?

A

The hemocoel

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15
Q

How is the coelom greatly reduced in arthropods?

A

It only consists of the cavities that house the reproductive organs and some glands

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16
Q

Is the arthropod bilateral?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What gives them a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

Their freedom of movement is provided by their joints

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18
Q

How are muscles arranged in arthropods? Is it similar to our own muscles? What makes it different?

A

As localized bands of muscles and organized into antagonists at joints such as flexors and extensors; it is similar to our own muscles but in arthropods the muscles are attached to the inside of the skeleton

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19
Q

What kind of digestive tract do arthropoda have?

A

complete with regional specialization

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20
Q

What are the three parts the digestive tract in arthropoda?

A

-The first part of the digestive tract is responsible for ingestion and mechanical digestion
-The middle part is the site of chemical digestion and absorption
-The last part absorbs water and forms feces

21
Q

What form of nitrogenous waste do arthropoda excrete?

A

It depends on whether they are aquatic or terrestrial
-Terrestrial arthropods must conserve water so they excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which is solid
-Aquatic arthropods excrete ammonia because it can be diluted easily in the water

22
Q

What are the the requirements of gas exchange?

A

-A gas exchange surface of adequate dimensions relative to the volume of the organism
-A means of keeping the surface moist
-A means of protecting the fragile gas exchange surface from mechanical injury and desiccation
-A method of transporting gases between the area of exchange with the environment and the more internal cells

23
Q

What are the four gas exchange structures?

A

-Gills
-Book gills
-Book lungs
-Tracheal system

24
Q

What are ocelli?

A

Simple cups with pigments in them that are light sensitive; they allow the animal to detect direction and intensity of light

25
Q

What are the antennae in arthropods used for?

A

touching, smelling, and feeling vibration. Can also act in place of the eyes in some insects

26
Q

Describe the nervous system in anthropods?

A

The brain is connected by a nerve ring to two ventral nerve cords with segmental ganglia. Touch receptors are attached to bristles that extend through the exoskeleton. They also have sensory receptors that respond to vibrations, gravity, chemicals, and sound waves

27
Q

Fertilization is often internal in arthropods. What does this mean? List two meanings.

A

-the male places sperm into the female
-male places sperm sac with a protective covering on the ground and the female picks it up and places it internally.

28
Q

What is the solution to the challenge of dessication?

A

waxy exoskeleton

29
Q

What is the solution to the challenge of obtaining gases directly from the air and preventing gas exchange surfaces from losing too much water?

A

Modification of respiratory structures; book lungs, tracheal system

30
Q

What is the solution to the challenge of support without the aid of buoyancy of water?

A

Exoskeleton

31
Q

What is the solution to the challenge of loss of water with excretions?

A

Nitrogenous excretion in the form of uric acid

32
Q

What is the solution to the challenge of release of gametes into dry environment?

A

Internal fertilization

33
Q

What are the phyla that molt the cuticle?

A

-Arthropoda
-Nematoda

34
Q

What fluid fills the hemocoel of arthropods?

A

Blood

35
Q

What other phylum has a hemocoel as its main body cavity?

A

Mollusca

36
Q

What type of circulatory system is associated with a hemocoel?

A

Open circulatory system

37
Q

What are all of the clades that Arthropoda belongs to?

A

-Bilateria
-Metazoa
-Eumetazoa
-Ecdysozoa
-Protostomia

38
Q

Book Lungs and Book Gills are structurally similar and blood transports oxygen from the gas exchange surface to the cells in both. But there are differences in their gas exchange strategies.

Which is located inside the body?

A

Book lungs

39
Q

Oxygen moves from air to blood and then blood to cells in which strategy?

A

Book lungs

40
Q

True or False: Book lungs and the Tracheal System are both strategies used by terrestrial arthropods.

A

True

41
Q

True or False: Blood carries oxygen from Book Lungs to the cells but air carries oxygen through the Tracheal System to the cells.

A

True

42
Q

Which phylum is Arthropoda most closely related?

A

Nematoda

43
Q

Which arthropod subphylum does not have mandibles?

A

Chelicerata

44
Q

Which arthropod subphylum has two pairs of antennae?

A

Crustacea

45
Q

Which arthropod subphylum has Head and Trunk as its tagamata scheme?

A

Myriapoda

46
Q

Which arthropod subphyla have a well-developed waxy layer in the cuticle?

A

Hexapoda and Chelicerata

47
Q

Which arthropod subphylum has Head, Trunk, Abdomen as its tagmata scheme?

A

Hexapoda

48
Q

Which arthropod subphylum has no antennae?

A

Chelicerata

Bio102 (12 decks)

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