Lab 11: Phylum Mammalian Flashcards
Atria
the two upper chambers referred to as right atrium and left atrium; they RECEIVE blood (steps 1 and 2)
What are the three functions of the artria?
-receive blood
-RA receives deoxygenated blood from the body
-LA received oxygenated blood from the lungs
Ventricles
the two lower chambers referred to as the right ventricle and left ventricle; pump blood OUT of the heart (steps 3 and 4)
What are the three functions of the ventricles?
-pump blood out of the heart
-RV pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
-LV pumps oxygenated blood to the body
What do the arteries do?
carry blood away from the heart, most carry oxygenated blood, there is one exception
What do the veins do?
carry blood towards the heart, most carry deoxygenated blood, there is one exception
What do the capillaries do?
thin-walled vessels that connect arteries and veins, diffusion of gases and nutrients occurs across
What is the basic pattern of blood flow?
right side of heart –> lungs –> left side of heart –> cells of body
What is the overall purpose of the respiratory system?
-exchange oxygen in the atmosphere with blood in the lungs
-exchange carbon dioxide in the blood in the lungs with the atmosphere
Do mammals have a specialized gas structure?
Yes; they are large animals
Where is the trachea in relation to the esophagus?
Ventral; in front of it
Why can’t humans digest cellulose?
they lack a much larger cecum that is between small and large intestines
What is the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart?
Superior vena cava
What is the chamber that receives the deoxygenated blood from head and upper limbs (receives deoxygenated blood from body)?
Right atrium
What is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood directly to the kidney?
Renal artery
What is the blood vessel that carries glucose and amino acids from the small intestine to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
What is the chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Left atrium
What is the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the head?
Carotid artery
What is the blood vessel that carries blood from the liver to the Inferior Vena Cava?
Hepatic vein
What is the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from lower limbs/legs to the inferior vena cava?
Iliac vein
What is the chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs?
Right ventricle
What is the major artery from which all arteries branch off of in the abdominal cavity?
Aorta
Where eggs are produced?
ovaries
Where embryo develops?
uterus
Where does sperm fertilizes the egg?
oviducts
What is the birth canal?
vagina
Where are sperm produced?
testes
What transports sperm outside the body?
urethra
What is the structure between the testis and ductus deferens where sperm mature and are stored?
epididymis
What are the accessory glands that secrete into the small intestine?
-pancreas
-liver
Where does chemical digestion of protein begin?
stomach
Into which is the product of the chemical digestion of proteins absorbed?
blood
What is the product of complete chemical digestion of carbohydrates? Is this product of chemical digestion of carbohydrates absorbed into blood or lymph?
glucose; blood
Which of the following does not secrete enzymes that digest carbohydrates?
liver
Ammonia is converted into the nitrogenous waste of mammals, urea, in the _____?
liver
Urine is formed in the ____?
kidney
What transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?
the urethra
Gas exchange between blood and air occurs in the ____?
alveoli
Air enters the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs:
less than the air pressure outside the body
When the diaphragm contracts the volume of air in the lungs______ and the air pressure in the lungs ______ increases, decreases
increases, decreases
What is the chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Left ventricle
Where us bile stored and concentrated?
in the gallbladder
What are accessory structures?
Organs that are not apart of the digestive tract but secrete products into tract
Is bile an enzyme?
No
What does the hepatic portal vein do?
After amino acids and glucose are absorbed into blood circulation, the hepatic portal vein carries amino acids and glucose directly from intestines to liver
In what part of the body is ammonia converted to urea?
The liver
Where does absorption occur?
In the small intestine
What is the product of the chemical digestion of lipids?
fatty acids
T or F: The function of bile is to chemically digest lipids.
False
What secretes enzymes to chemically digest lipids?
Pancreas
Into which is the product of the chemical digestion of lipids absorbed?
Blood circulation
To which phylum do Mammals belong?
Chordata
What accessory gland of the mammalian digestive system secretes enzymes into the small intestine for the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids?
Pancreas
Which is the process of building block molecules moving from the digestive tract into the blood or lymph circulation?
Absorption
In what part of the respiratory system of mammals does gas exchange occur?
alveoli
Which chamber of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
Within which mammalian organ is urine formed?
kidney
Which of the following is correct about the ductus deferens of the male reproductive system?
It transports sperm from scrotum to urethra.
What is the difference between veins and arteries?
arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood back to the heart
Veins generally carry _______ blood
deoxygenated
Arteries generally carry ______ blood
oxygenated
