lab 9: lymphatic system and cardiovascular 2

Question 1

what is the systemic circuit

Answer 1

blood system that supplies our capillary beds to all parts of the body not supplied by the pulmonary circuit

Question 2

which areas do the arteries coming off the aortic arch supply blood?

Answer 2

head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs

Question 3

what are deep veins

Answer 3

travel alongside an artery of the same name. In limbs the veins are often paired (run parallel to each other) - called venae comitantes

Question 4

where are superficial veins

Answer 4

in neck and extremities

Question 5

where are venous sinuses

Answer 5

located in heart (coronary sinus), in the dura mater, several providing quick drainage of the brain

Question 6

what is an arterial anastomosis and where are they located

Answer 6

interconnections between arteries

located in the brain, heart, stomach, other organs with significant circulatory demands

Question 7

functions of arterial anastomosis

Answer 7

guarantees a reliable blood supply to tissues; if one arterial supply becomes blocked, the other will supply blood to the capillary

Question 8

what is an arteriovenous anastomosis, and where are they found

Answer 8

direct connections between arterioles and venules

located in visceral organs and joints where changes in body position could hinder blood flow

Question 9

why is the design of arteriovenous anastomosis functionally beneficial

Answer 9

smooth muscle in the walls of the vessels can contract or relax to regulate the amount of blood reaching the capillary beds

Question 10

two names of the descending aorta

Answer 10

• thoracic aorta in the thorax

- abdominal aorta in the abdomen

Question 11

intercostal arteries serve which general muscles

Answer 11

chest muscles and vertebral column area

Question 12

function of bronchial arteries

Answer 12

supply the tissues of the conducting passageways of the lungs with oxygenated blood

Question 13

celiac artery divides into what 3 branches

Answer 13

left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

Question 14

left gastric artery supplies

Answer 14

stomach and the inferior portion of the esophagus

Question 15

splenic artery serves which 3 organs

Answer 15

spleen, pancreas, and arteries to the stomach

Question 16

common hepatic artery supplies

Answer 16

blood to the liver and sends branches to the stomach, duodenum and gallbladder

Question 17

superior mesenteric artery

Answer 17

unpaired; sends off branches to the pancreas, duodenum, small intestine and most of the large intestine

Question 18

inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 18

unpaired; to the terminal parts of the large intestine, including the rectum

Question 19

right and left renal arteries serve what organs

Answer 19

kidneys

Question 20

right and left common iliac arteries serve which organs

Answer 20

pelvic organs and lower limbs

Question 21

which 3 veins drain the posterior thoracic vessels into the superior vena cava

Answer 21

azygos vein, hemiazygos vein, accessory hemiazygos veins

Question 22

where does the posterior intercostal vein drain into

Answer 22

azygos system

Question 23

what do the internal thoracic veins drain

Answer 23

anterior thorax wall

Question 24

what do the anterior intercostal veins drain

Answer 24

internal thoracic veins

Question 25

what veins drain the lower limbs

Answer 25

right and left common iliac veins

Question 26

what veins drain the pelvis

Answer 26

right and left internal iliac veins

Question 27

the hepatic portal system takes venous blood to the liver for processing and storage from which organs?

Answer 27

small intestine, parts of large intestine, stomach, pancreas, spleen, rectum

Question 28

how is the blood flowing through the hepatic portal system different from that of other venous blood

Answer 28

higher levels of blood glucose and amino acids, and liver receives O2 rich/nutrient poor and O2 poor/nutrient rich blood at the same time

Question 29

splenic vein

Answer 29

drains the spleen, part of the stomach, and pancreas

- receives the inferior mesenteric vein

Question 30

inferior mesenteric vein

Answer 30

drains blood from rectum and part of large intestine

- drains into the splenic vein

Question 31

superior mesenteric vein

Answer 31

drains blood from the stomach, small intestine and two thirds of the large intestine
- joins with splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein

Question 32

hepatic portal vein

Answer 32

receives blood from the splenic, inferior and superior mesenteric veins, and takes it to sinusoids of the liver

Question 33

right and left hepatic veins

Answer 33

return blood from the liver sinusoids to inferior vena cava, and then to the right atrium

Question 34

what is the lymphatic system composed of

Answer 34

lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes)

Question 35

what is lymph

Answer 35

consists of interstitial fluid, lymphocytes and macrophages.
- fluid connective tissue transported and monitored by lymphatic system

Question 36

functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 36

• defense
• maintains blood volume
• provides a means for equalizing the chemical composition of interstitial fluid
• provides an alternate route for hormones, nutrient and waste products

Question 37

how to lymphatic vessels differ structurally from veins

Answer 37

thinner walled, larger in size (wider lumens), walls of lymphatic vessels not easily delineated into tunics

Question 38

what specific area does the thoracic (left) lymph duct drain

Answer 38

tissues inferior to the diaphragm and from the left side of upper body

Question 39

where does the thoracic lymph duct empty into the CV system

Answer 39

left subclavian vein near base of the left internal jugular vein

Question 40

right lymphatic duct receives lymph from

Answer 40

the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm, smaller lymphatic vessels converged at the right clavicle

Question 41

the right lymphatic duct empties into the

Answer 41

venous system near the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins

Question 42

lymphoid nodules are found

Answer 42

within the wall of various segments of the digestive tract, including ileum, appendix and gallbladder

Question 43

clusters of lymphoid nodules found in the intestinal wall are called

Answer 43

aggregated lymphoid nodules

Question 44

lymphocytes within the tonsils are responsible for what

Answer 44

removing pathogens that enter the pharynx

Question 45

what are the functions of lymph nodes

Answer 45

filter and purifies lymph before it reaches the venous system