lab 9: lymphatic system and cardiovascular 2 Flashcards
what is the systemic circuit
blood system that supplies our capillary beds to all parts of the body not supplied by the pulmonary circuit
which areas do the arteries coming off the aortic arch supply blood?
head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs
what are deep veins
travel alongside an artery of the same name. In limbs the veins are often paired (run parallel to each other) - called venae comitantes
where are superficial veins
in neck and extremities
where are venous sinuses
located in heart (coronary sinus), in the dura mater, several providing quick drainage of the brain
what is an arterial anastomosis and where are they located
interconnections between arteries
located in the brain, heart, stomach, other organs with significant circulatory demands
functions of arterial anastomosis
guarantees a reliable blood supply to tissues; if one arterial supply becomes blocked, the other will supply blood to the capillary
what is an arteriovenous anastomosis, and where are they found
direct connections between arterioles and venules
located in visceral organs and joints where changes in body position could hinder blood flow
why is the design of arteriovenous anastomosis functionally beneficial
smooth muscle in the walls of the vessels can contract or relax to regulate the amount of blood reaching the capillary beds
two names of the descending aorta
- thoracic aorta in the thorax
- abdominal aorta in the abdomen
intercostal arteries serve which general muscles
chest muscles and vertebral column area
function of bronchial arteries
supply the tissues of the conducting passageways of the lungs with oxygenated blood
celiac artery divides into what 3 branches
left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery
left gastric artery supplies
stomach and the inferior portion of the esophagus
splenic artery serves which 3 organs
spleen, pancreas, and arteries to the stomach
common hepatic artery supplies
blood to the liver and sends branches to the stomach, duodenum and gallbladder
superior mesenteric artery
unpaired; sends off branches to the pancreas, duodenum, small intestine and most of the large intestine
inferior mesenteric artery
unpaired; to the terminal parts of the large intestine, including the rectum
right and left renal arteries serve what organs
kidneys
right and left common iliac arteries serve which organs
pelvic organs and lower limbs
which 3 veins drain the posterior thoracic vessels into the superior vena cava
azygos vein, hemiazygos vein, accessory hemiazygos veins
where does the posterior intercostal vein drain into
azygos system
what do the internal thoracic veins drain
anterior thorax wall
what do the anterior intercostal veins drain
internal thoracic veins
what veins drain the lower limbs
right and left common iliac veins
what veins drain the pelvis
right and left internal iliac veins
the hepatic portal system takes venous blood to the liver for processing and storage from which organs?
small intestine, parts of large intestine, stomach, pancreas, spleen, rectum
how is the blood flowing through the hepatic portal system different from that of other venous blood
higher levels of blood glucose and amino acids, and liver receives O2 rich/nutrient poor and O2 poor/nutrient rich blood at the same time
splenic vein
drains the spleen, part of the stomach, and pancreas
- receives the inferior mesenteric vein
inferior mesenteric vein
drains blood from rectum and part of large intestine
- drains into the splenic vein
superior mesenteric vein
drains blood from the stomach, small intestine and two thirds of the large intestine
- joins with splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal vein
receives blood from the splenic, inferior and superior mesenteric veins, and takes it to sinusoids of the liver
right and left hepatic veins
return blood from the liver sinusoids to inferior vena cava, and then to the right atrium
what is the lymphatic system composed of
lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes)
what is lymph
consists of interstitial fluid, lymphocytes and macrophages.
- fluid connective tissue transported and monitored by lymphatic system
functions of the lymphatic system
- defense
- maintains blood volume
- provides a means for equalizing the chemical composition of interstitial fluid
- provides an alternate route for hormones, nutrient and waste products
how to lymphatic vessels differ structurally from veins
thinner walled, larger in size (wider lumens), walls of lymphatic vessels not easily delineated into tunics
what specific area does the thoracic (left) lymph duct drain
tissues inferior to the diaphragm and from the left side of upper body
where does the thoracic lymph duct empty into the CV system
left subclavian vein near base of the left internal jugular vein
right lymphatic duct receives lymph from
the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm, smaller lymphatic vessels converged at the right clavicle
the right lymphatic duct empties into the
venous system near the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins
lymphoid nodules are found
within the wall of various segments of the digestive tract, including ileum, appendix and gallbladder
clusters of lymphoid nodules found in the intestinal wall are called
aggregated lymphoid nodules
lymphocytes within the tonsils are responsible for what
removing pathogens that enter the pharynx
what are the functions of lymph nodes
filter and purifies lymph before it reaches the venous system
