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Human Anatomy > lab 5: lower limb > Flashcards

lab 5: lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

3 bones that make up the coxal bone

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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2
Q

4 bones of the pelvis

A

2 coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx

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3
Q

8 muscles that attach to the iliac crest

A
  • iliocostalis lumborum m.
  • quadratus lumborum m
  • internal oblique m
  • transverse abdominis m
  • external oblique m
  • rectus abdominis m
  • gluteus medius m
  • tensor fascia latae muscle
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4
Q

what muscles attach at the anterior superior iliac spine

A
  • inguinal ligament

- sartorius m

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5
Q

what attaches at the anterior iliac spine

A

rectus femoris

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6
Q

what attaches at the ischial tuberosity

A

hamstrings ( biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

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7
Q

why are the femur and the lower limb bones thicker and stronger than others in the body?

A

these bones have to sustain stress in weight bearing and locomotion

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8
Q

what attaches at the fovea capitis

A

ligament of the head of the femur

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9
Q

what inserts at the greater trochanter

A

gluteus medius and minimus, and piriformis

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10
Q

what originates at the linea aspera

A

vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius, and insertions of adductor muscles

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11
Q

3 functions of the patella

A
  1. strengthens the quadriceps tendon
  2. protects the anterior surface of the knee joint
  3. serves as anatomical pulley that increases contraction once of quadriceps femoris
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12
Q

what attaches at the tibial tuberosity

A

patellar ligament

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13
Q

what originates at the soleal line

A

popliteus and soleus muscle

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14
Q

the lateral malleolus articulates with what

A

talus

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15
Q

3 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint

A

sacroiliac ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament

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16
Q

functions of the medial and lateral menisci

A
  • acts as cushion
  • conforms to shape of articulating surfaces
  • increases surface area of tibiofemoral joint
  • provides later stability
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17
Q

functions of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

A
  • limit anterior and posterior movement go the femur

- maintain alignment of femoral and tibial condyles

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18
Q

functions of medial and lateral collateral ligaments

A
  • reinforce medial and lateral surface of the knee joint by tightening at full extension
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19
Q

what is the talocrural joint?

A

tibia and fibula articulating with talus bone

  • hinge
  • allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
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20
Q

classification of the tibiofibular joints (proximal, middle and distal)

A
  • proximal : planar
  • middle : amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis
  • distal : planar and fibrous syndesmosis
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21
Q

name the 2 arches of the foot

A

longitudinal arch and transverse arch

22
Q

gluteus maximus m. origin, insertion, action

A
  • origin: iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, lateral surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, thoracolumbar fascia
  • insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
  • action: extension and lateral rotation of thigh at the hip. superior fibres abduct thigh at hip
23
Q

gluteus medius m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium btwn posterior and anterior gluteal lines
- insertion: greater trochanter of femur
- action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip

24
Q

gluteus minimus m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: lateral surface of ilium btwn inferior and anterior gluteal lines
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh and hip

25
Q

tensor fascia latae m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: iliotibial tract
action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip

26
Q

what muscles make up the lateral rotator group? (4)

A

piriformus, obturators, gemelli, quadratus femoris

27
Q

function of the iliotibial tract/band?

A

provides lateral brace for the knee, particularly when standing on one foot

28
Q

what tissue is the IT band composed of?

A

collagen fibers

29
Q

iliacus m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: iliac fossa
insertion: femur distal to lesser trochanter, tendon fused with that of psoas major
action: flexion of thigh at hip

30
Q

psoas major m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: anterior surfaces and transverse processes of vertebrae
insertion: lesser trochanter in company with iliacus
action: flexion of thigh of hip

31
Q

adductor magnus m. action

A

adduction of thigh at hip

32
Q

adductor longus m. action

A

adduction, flexion, medial rotation of thigh at hip

33
Q

what are the muscles of the hamstrings (3)

A

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

34
Q

hamstring actions

A

flexion of leg at knee, extension of thigh at hip

35
Q

biceps femoris m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: ischial tuberosity (long head), line aspera (short head)
insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and lateral rotation of thigh at hip

36
Q

semimembranosus m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip

37
Q

semitendinosus m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: proximal medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracilis
action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip

38
Q

gracilis m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: inferior rams of pubis
insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
action: flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee, adduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip

39
Q

rectus femoris m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and and superior acetabulum rim of ilium
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
action: extension of leg at knee, flexion of thigh at hip

40
Q

sartorius m. origin, insertion, action

A

origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
action: abduction, flexion, lateral rotation of thigh at hip, flexion of leg at knee

41
Q

4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris

A

vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

42
Q

quadriceps femoris insertion, action

A

insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon
action: extension of leg at knee

43
Q

popliteus m. origin, insertion, function

A

origin: lateral condyle of femur
insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft
function: slight medial rotation of tibia, unlocks joint

44
Q

gastrocnemius m. action

A

plantar flexion of foot at ankle, flexion of leg at knee

45
Q

soleus m. action

A

plantar flexion of foot at ankle

46
Q

fibularis longus m. action

A

eversion and plantar flexion of foot

47
Q

fibularis brevis m. action

A

eversion and plantar flexion of foot

48
Q

tibialis anterior m. action

A

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

49
Q

tibialis posterior m. action

A

inversion and plantar flexion foot

50
Q

calcaneal tendon is common insertion of what 2 muscles

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

Human Anatomy (11 decks)

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