lab 5: lower limb Flashcards
3 bones that make up the coxal bone
ilium, ischium, pubis
4 bones of the pelvis
2 coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx
8 muscles that attach to the iliac crest
- iliocostalis lumborum m.
- quadratus lumborum m
- internal oblique m
- transverse abdominis m
- external oblique m
- rectus abdominis m
- gluteus medius m
- tensor fascia latae muscle
what muscles attach at the anterior superior iliac spine
- inguinal ligament
- sartorius m
what attaches at the anterior iliac spine
rectus femoris
what attaches at the ischial tuberosity
hamstrings ( biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
why are the femur and the lower limb bones thicker and stronger than others in the body?
these bones have to sustain stress in weight bearing and locomotion
what attaches at the fovea capitis
ligament of the head of the femur
what inserts at the greater trochanter
gluteus medius and minimus, and piriformis
what originates at the linea aspera
vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius, and insertions of adductor muscles
3 functions of the patella
- strengthens the quadriceps tendon
- protects the anterior surface of the knee joint
- serves as anatomical pulley that increases contraction once of quadriceps femoris
what attaches at the tibial tuberosity
patellar ligament
what originates at the soleal line
popliteus and soleus muscle
the lateral malleolus articulates with what
talus
3 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint
sacroiliac ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament
functions of the medial and lateral menisci
- acts as cushion
- conforms to shape of articulating surfaces
- increases surface area of tibiofemoral joint
- provides later stability
functions of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
- limit anterior and posterior movement go the femur
- maintain alignment of femoral and tibial condyles
functions of medial and lateral collateral ligaments
- reinforce medial and lateral surface of the knee joint by tightening at full extension
what is the talocrural joint?
tibia and fibula articulating with talus bone
- hinge
- allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
classification of the tibiofibular joints (proximal, middle and distal)
- proximal : planar
- middle : amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis
- distal : planar and fibrous syndesmosis
name the 2 arches of the foot
longitudinal arch and transverse arch
gluteus maximus m. origin, insertion, action
- origin: iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, lateral surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, thoracolumbar fascia
- insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
- action: extension and lateral rotation of thigh at the hip. superior fibres abduct thigh at hip
gluteus medius m. origin, insertion, action
origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium btwn posterior and anterior gluteal lines
- insertion: greater trochanter of femur
- action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip
gluteus minimus m. origin, insertion, action
origin: lateral surface of ilium btwn inferior and anterior gluteal lines
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh and hip
tensor fascia latae m. origin, insertion, action
origin: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: iliotibial tract
action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip
what muscles make up the lateral rotator group? (4)
piriformus, obturators, gemelli, quadratus femoris
function of the iliotibial tract/band?
provides lateral brace for the knee, particularly when standing on one foot
what tissue is the IT band composed of?
collagen fibers
iliacus m. origin, insertion, action
origin: iliac fossa
insertion: femur distal to lesser trochanter, tendon fused with that of psoas major
action: flexion of thigh at hip
psoas major m. origin, insertion, action
origin: anterior surfaces and transverse processes of vertebrae
insertion: lesser trochanter in company with iliacus
action: flexion of thigh of hip
adductor magnus m. action
adduction of thigh at hip
adductor longus m. action
adduction, flexion, medial rotation of thigh at hip
what are the muscles of the hamstrings (3)
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
hamstring actions
flexion of leg at knee, extension of thigh at hip
biceps femoris m. origin, insertion, action
origin: ischial tuberosity (long head), line aspera (short head)
insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and lateral rotation of thigh at hip
semimembranosus m. origin, insertion, action
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip
semitendinosus m. origin, insertion, action
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: proximal medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracilis
action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip
gracilis m. origin, insertion, action
origin: inferior rams of pubis
insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
action: flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee, adduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip
rectus femoris m. origin, insertion, action
origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and and superior acetabulum rim of ilium
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
action: extension of leg at knee, flexion of thigh at hip
sartorius m. origin, insertion, action
origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
action: abduction, flexion, lateral rotation of thigh at hip, flexion of leg at knee
4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris
vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris
quadriceps femoris insertion, action
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon
action: extension of leg at knee
popliteus m. origin, insertion, function
origin: lateral condyle of femur
insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft
function: slight medial rotation of tibia, unlocks joint
gastrocnemius m. action
plantar flexion of foot at ankle, flexion of leg at knee
soleus m. action
plantar flexion of foot at ankle
fibularis longus m. action
eversion and plantar flexion of foot
fibularis brevis m. action
eversion and plantar flexion of foot
tibialis anterior m. action
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
tibialis posterior m. action
inversion and plantar flexion foot
calcaneal tendon is common insertion of what 2 muscles
gastrocnemius and soleus
