lab 6: nervous system 1

Question 1

2 main nervous cell types

Answer 1

• neurons (nerve cells)

- neuroglia (support for neural tissue)

Question 2

astrocyte functions

Answer 2

• CNS
• maintain blood brain barrier
• regulate ion, nutrient and dissolved gas concentrations
• absorb and recycle neurotransmitters
• form scar tissue after injury
• provides structural support

Question 3

oligodendrocyte functions

Answer 3

• CNS
• mylenate CNS axons
• provide structural support

Question 4

schwann cell location and functions

Answer 4

• all axons in PNS
• make up myelin sheath for peripheral axons
• surround axons in PNS, and participate in repair after injury

Question 5

Satellite cell location and functions

Answer 5

• surround neutron cell bodies in ganglia in PNS

- regulate O2, CO2, nutrient and neurotransmitters around neurons in ganglia

Question 6

what is the function of a neuron

Answer 6

transfer and process info in the nervous system

Question 7

3 functional types of neurons

Answer 7

• sensory neurons
• motor neurons
• interneurons

Question 8

function of myelin sheath

Answer 8

improves conduction velocity of an action potential

Question 9

in PNS neutron cell bodies are found clustered together in masses called

Answer 9

centers, or nucleus

Question 10

functions of sensory neurons

Answer 10

deliver info to CNS

Question 11

functions of sensory receptors

Answer 11

sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the internal and external environment of an organism

Question 12

interoceptors monitor which internal body systems?

Answer 12

digestive, repsiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive systems
- provide sensations of deep pressure, pain, taste

Question 13

exteroceptors provide what types of info about external stimuli?

Answer 13

external environment in form of touch, temp, pressure, sight, sound, smell

Question 14

2 types of proprioceptors

Answer 14

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Question 15

muscle spindles location and function

Answer 15

in skeletal muscle and monitor changes in muscle length

Question 16

golgi tendon organs location and function

Answer 16

in skeletal muscle and monitor changes in muscle tension

Question 17

function of the spinal meninges

Answer 17

• provide protection, physical stability, and shock absorption

Question 18

3 meningeal layers

Answer 18

1. dura mater
2. arachnoid mater
3. pia mater

Question 19

where is the spinal dura mater located

Answer 19

outer covering of spinal cord and brain

Question 20

what type of tissue is dura mater composed of, and what surrounds inner and outer surfaces

Answer 20

dense regular connective tissue

- outer and inner surface covered by simple squamous epithelium

Question 21

what is found in the epidural space

Answer 21

areolar tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue

Question 22

where and why is a spinal tap performed

Answer 22

between L3 and L4 in subarachnoid space

- no vertebra

Question 23

what is the caudal equina

Answer 23

spinal nerve roots distal to tip of spinal cord; extends caudally inside vertebral canal en route to lumbar and sacral segments

Question 24

function of white matter

Answer 24

organized into columns and transmit both sensory and motor info to and from the brain

Question 25

what flows through the central canal

Answer 25

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 26

where are lateral gray horns or spinal column found

Answer 26

thoracic and superior lumbar segments of spinal cord

Question 27

what is a neuron

Answer 27

a nerve cell

Question 28

what is a nerve

Answer 28

a bundle of axons in PNS

Question 29

what type of info travels through the dorsal root

Answer 29

sensory/afferent input

Question 30

what type of info travels through the ventral roots

Answer 30

motor/efferent output

Question 31

what type of neurons cell bodies occupy dorsal root ganglion

Answer 31

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 32

why is the ventral rami larger than the dorsal rami

Answer 32

the ventral rami covers limbs and interior of body, while dorsal rami only covers the back

Question 33

musculocutaneous nerve muscular and cutaneous branches

Answer 33

muscular: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
cutaneous: lateral surface of forearm

Question 34

ulnar nerve muscular and cutaneous branches

Answer 34

muscular: FC ulnaris, adductor pollicis, small digital muscles
cutaneous: medial surface of hand

Question 35

median nerve muscular and cutaneous branches

Answer 35

muscular: FC radialis, palmaris longus, pronator teres and quadratis, digital flexors
cutaneous: anterior lateral surface of hand

Question 36

axillary nerve muscular and cutaneous branches

Answer 36

muscular: deltoid, teres minor
cutaneous: skin of shoulder

Question 37

radial nerve muscular and cutaneous branches

Answer 37

muscular: triceps brachii, anconeous, FC radialis and ulnaris, brachioradialis, supinator, extensor digitorum, abductor pollicis
cutaneous: posterior lateral surface of limb, radial portion of hand

Question 38

femoral nerve (L2-L4) innervates

Answer 38

sartorious and quadriceps

Question 39

obturator nerve (L2-L4) innervates

Answer 39

adductor magnus and longus, gracilis

Question 40

lumbosacral trunk function

Answer 40

carries axons from the lumbar plexus to sacral plexus

Question 41

superior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervates

Answer 41

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

Question 42

inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervates

Answer 42

gluteus maximus

Question 43

sciatic nerve (L4-S3) innervates

Answer 43

hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosis, semitendinosis, adductor magnus

Question 44

tibial nerve innervates

Answer 44

gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 45

common fibular (peroneal nerve) innervates

Answer 45

fibularis longus and brevis, tibialis anterior