lab 6: nervous system 1 Flashcards
2 main nervous cell types
- neurons (nerve cells)
- neuroglia (support for neural tissue)
astrocyte functions
- CNS
- maintain blood brain barrier
- regulate ion, nutrient and dissolved gas concentrations
- absorb and recycle neurotransmitters
- form scar tissue after injury
- provides structural support
oligodendrocyte functions
- CNS
- mylenate CNS axons
- provide structural support
schwann cell location and functions
- all axons in PNS
- make up myelin sheath for peripheral axons
- surround axons in PNS, and participate in repair after injury
Satellite cell location and functions
- surround neutron cell bodies in ganglia in PNS
- regulate O2, CO2, nutrient and neurotransmitters around neurons in ganglia
what is the function of a neuron
transfer and process info in the nervous system
3 functional types of neurons
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
- interneurons
function of myelin sheath
improves conduction velocity of an action potential
in PNS neutron cell bodies are found clustered together in masses called
centers, or nucleus
functions of sensory neurons
deliver info to CNS
functions of sensory receptors
sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the internal and external environment of an organism
interoceptors monitor which internal body systems?
digestive, repsiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive systems
- provide sensations of deep pressure, pain, taste
exteroceptors provide what types of info about external stimuli?
external environment in form of touch, temp, pressure, sight, sound, smell
2 types of proprioceptors
muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs
muscle spindles location and function
in skeletal muscle and monitor changes in muscle length
golgi tendon organs location and function
in skeletal muscle and monitor changes in muscle tension
function of the spinal meninges
- provide protection, physical stability, and shock absorption
3 meningeal layers
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
where is the spinal dura mater located
outer covering of spinal cord and brain
what type of tissue is dura mater composed of, and what surrounds inner and outer surfaces
dense regular connective tissue
- outer and inner surface covered by simple squamous epithelium
what is found in the epidural space
areolar tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue
where and why is a spinal tap performed
between L3 and L4 in subarachnoid space
- no vertebra
what is the caudal equina
spinal nerve roots distal to tip of spinal cord; extends caudally inside vertebral canal en route to lumbar and sacral segments
function of white matter
organized into columns and transmit both sensory and motor info to and from the brain
what flows through the central canal
cerebrospinal fluid
where are lateral gray horns or spinal column found
thoracic and superior lumbar segments of spinal cord
what is a neuron
a nerve cell
what is a nerve
a bundle of axons in PNS
what type of info travels through the dorsal root
sensory/afferent input
what type of info travels through the ventral roots
motor/efferent output
what type of neurons cell bodies occupy dorsal root ganglion
cell bodies of sensory neurons
why is the ventral rami larger than the dorsal rami
the ventral rami covers limbs and interior of body, while dorsal rami only covers the back
musculocutaneous nerve muscular and cutaneous branches
muscular: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
cutaneous: lateral surface of forearm
ulnar nerve muscular and cutaneous branches
muscular: FC ulnaris, adductor pollicis, small digital muscles
cutaneous: medial surface of hand
median nerve muscular and cutaneous branches
muscular: FC radialis, palmaris longus, pronator teres and quadratis, digital flexors
cutaneous: anterior lateral surface of hand
axillary nerve muscular and cutaneous branches
muscular: deltoid, teres minor
cutaneous: skin of shoulder
radial nerve muscular and cutaneous branches
muscular: triceps brachii, anconeous, FC radialis and ulnaris, brachioradialis, supinator, extensor digitorum, abductor pollicis
cutaneous: posterior lateral surface of limb, radial portion of hand
femoral nerve (L2-L4) innervates
sartorious and quadriceps
obturator nerve (L2-L4) innervates
adductor magnus and longus, gracilis
lumbosacral trunk function
carries axons from the lumbar plexus to sacral plexus
superior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervates
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae
inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervates
gluteus maximus
sciatic nerve (L4-S3) innervates
hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosis, semitendinosis, adductor magnus
tibial nerve innervates
gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
common fibular (peroneal nerve) innervates
fibularis longus and brevis, tibialis anterior
