lab 8: Respiratory, Endocrine And Cardiovascular 1

Question 1

What 2 types of epithelium are found in the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Olfactory epithelium and respiratory epithelium

Question 2

Where is it found and what type is respiratory epithelium? function?

Answer 2

• lines most of the nasal cavity
• pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• mucous cells produce mucus that covers exposed surfaces and helps trap debris and microorganisms

Question 3

function of olfactory epithelium

Answer 3

allows us to sense smells through olfactory receptors

Question 4

function of the hard palate

Answer 4

forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth

Question 5

what are the nasal conchae

Answer 5

mucosa-covered scroll-like bony shelves projected towards the nasal septum on either side of the nasal cavity

Question 6

function of the nasal meatus

Answer 6

a narrow groove that allows the incoming air to bounce off of the conceal surfaces

Question 7

functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 7

lighten skull bones, produce mucus, resonate during sound production

Question 8

function of the soft palate

Answer 8

forms the floor of the nasopharynx

Question 9

function of the laryngopharynx

Answer 9

communicated anteriorly with the larynx and inferiorly with the esophagus

Question 10

function of the auditory tubes

Answer 10

connects space deep to the eardrum to the pharynx. What you clear when you yawn to make eardrums pop

Question 11

structure of larynx

Answer 11

• contains hyaline and elastic cartilage

- attached to hyoid bone, stabilized by ligaments and skeletal muscles

Question 12

functions of larynx

Answer 12

• provides an open passageway for air
• preventing entry of liquids and food into respiratory tract by epiglottis
• sound production

Question 13

what type of cartilage is thyroid cartilage made of

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage

Question 14

cricoid cartilage made of what type of cartilage

Answer 14

hyaline cartilage

Question 15

epiglottis composed of what type of cartilage, and why

Answer 15

elastic cartilage

- epiglottis lifts as food is swallowed, but folds back over to prevent food and liquid into the respiratory tract

Question 16

conchae, meatus and respiratory mucosa function

Answer 16

• moistens air entering lungs

- warms air entering the lungs

Question 17

nasal hairs, mucus, cilia, respiratory epithelium function

Answer 17

filters air entering lungs

Question 18

soft palate and uvula function

Answer 18

prevents food from entering nasal cavity

Question 19

oropharynx and laryngopharynx function

Answer 19

forms passageway for food between mouth and esophagus

Question 20

tonsils function

Answer 20

part of lymphatic system, guards lung entry

Question 21

vocal folds function

Answer 21

responsible for speech

Question 22

what is the hilus

Answer 22

indentation where the primary bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter the lungs

Question 23

how many alveoli is there per lung

Answer 23

150 million

Question 24

what gas waste is excreted in the lungs

Answer 24

surfactant

Question 25

2 other organs where wastes are removed

Answer 25

liver and kidneys

Question 26

lobe of each lung can be divides into smaller units where single tertiary brooch transports air

Answer 26

bronchopulmonary segments

Question 27

what body cavity separates the 2 pleural cavities within the thoracic cavity

Answer 27

mediastinum

Question 28

4 major structures that lie in the thoracic cavity

Answer 28

trachea, esophagus, major vessels, heart

Question 29

diaphragm composed of what tissue, and function

Answer 29

skeletal muscle, separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity

- when it contracts, increases volume in thoracic cavity

Question 30

2 components of blood

Answer 30

plasma and other formed elements (WBC, RBC, platelets)

Question 31

erythrocyte is atypical because

Answer 31

bioconcave disc lacking a nucleus

Question 32

3 layers of blood vessel walls

Answer 32

inner (intima), middle (media), outer (adventitia)

Question 33

intima composed of what tissue

Answer 33

elastic fibers

Question 34

media composed of what tissue

Answer 34

smooth muscle tissue

Question 35

adventitia composed of what tissue

Answer 35

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 36

what are vasa vasorum

Answer 36

small arteries and veins that supply smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, fibrocytes of media and adventitia in walls of large vessels

Question 37

define artery and vein

Answer 37

artery transports blood from heart to peripheral capillaries, veins collect blood from capillaries and return to the heart

Question 38

3 differences between arteries and veins

Answer 38

• arteries deliver blood to body, veins deliver blood to heart and lungs
• arteries: more rigid walls, deeper in body, thick elastic muscle
• veins: more superficial, collapsable, thing elastic layer with valves

Question 39

what are capillaries

Answer 39

smallest and most delicate blood vessels connecting arterioles and venues to permit diffusion of gases, nutrients and waste.
- function as part of a capillary bed or plexus

Question 40

what is the systemic circuit

Answer 40

• beings at the aortic valve, ends at entrance to right atrium, supplies capillary beds in all parts of body not supplied by pulmonary circuit

Question 41

substances transported by the systemic circuit

Answer 41

plasma, platelets, WBCs, RBCs