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Human Anatomy > lab 7: autonomic, nervous system 2 > Flashcards

lab 7: autonomic, nervous system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • regulated functions of internal organs, such as heart, stomach and intestines
  • part of the PNS, controls some muscles within body
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2
Q

autonomic NS vs. somatic NS function

A
  • ANS controls involuntary actions (beating heart, perspiration)
  • SNS controls voluntary actions via nerve impulses from the PNS
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3
Q

2 subdivisions of the autonomic NS

A
  • sympathetic (during exertion, stress or emergency)

parasympathetic (resting conditions)

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4
Q

how many neurons involved in efferent autonomic NS

A

2 - preganglionic and postganglionic

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5
Q

general function of the parasym. and sym. NS

A

sympathetic - fight or flight, increase HR, BP, breathing, vasodilation, decrease digestion
parasympathetic - rest and digest, increase nutrient uptake, decrease HR breathing, metabolism

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6
Q

location of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic NS

A

brain stem, lateral portion of anterior gray horn S2-S4

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7
Q

location of preganglionic neurons in sympathetic NS

A

lateral gray horns of spinal segments from T1-L2

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8
Q

location of PNS ganglia in parasympathetic NS

A

terminal

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9
Q

location of PNS ganglia in sympathetic NS

A

intramural (terminal for nose, eyes and salivary glands)

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10
Q

preganglionic fibres of sympathetic NS

A

myelinated, short, release Ach

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11
Q

preganglionic fibres of parasympathetic NS

A

myelinated, long, release Ach

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12
Q

postganglionic fibres of parasympathetic NS

A

unmyelinated, short, release Ach

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13
Q

postganglionic fibres of sympathetic NS

A

unmyelinated, long, release norepinephrine

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14
Q

why is the sympathetic NS also called thoracolumbar division

A

nerves exit spinal cord from thoracic and lumbar regions (T1-L2)

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15
Q

what type of fibres of the sympathetic ANS travel through white rami communicantes

A

myelinated preganglionic fibers

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16
Q

where are the sympathetic chain ganglia found?

A

in the ventral roots of spinal nerves T1-L2

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17
Q

what type of nerve fibers travel through the gray rami communicantes

A

unmyelinated postganglionic fibers

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18
Q

what are the visceral effector organs innervated by the sympathetic ANS in the thoracic cavity?

A

heart and lungs

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19
Q

what is inside the collateral ganglia?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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20
Q

what visceral effector organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are innervated by the sympathetic ANS?

A

liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, large and small intestine, sex organs, excretory organs

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21
Q

what effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the visceral effector organs

A

inhibits blood flow to organs, decrease activity to abdominopelvic cavity

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22
Q

why is the parasympathetic NS also known as the craniosacral division?

A

nerves exit the spinal cord through the brain stem and sacral region

23
Q

cranial nerve III innervates

A

eye, tears

24
Q

cranial nerve VII innervates

A

salivary gland, tears

25
Q

cranial nerve IX innervates

A

salivary gland, tears

26
Q

cranial nerve X innervates

A

heart, liver, lungs, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, long and short intestines

27
Q

what is a nerve plexus

A

bundles of nerves

28
Q

what level does the sacral section of the parasympathetic division exit the spinal cord

A

S2-S4

29
Q

4 organs innervated by the sacral parasympathetic neurons

A

uterus, ovary, penis, scrotum, urinary bladder, kidney, rectum

30
Q

what are ventricles?

A

fluid filled cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • prevents contact between brain and surrounding bones
  • supports the brain
  • transports nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products
32
Q

2 layers of the dura mater

A

endosteal layer and meningeal layer

33
Q

what are the dural sinuses

A

between the endosteal and meningeal layer, filled with interstitial fluid and blood vessels

34
Q

what flows in the subarachnoid space?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

35
Q

what is the pia mater?

A

highly vascular membrane that acts as a floor to support the large central blood vessels as they branch over the brain

36
Q

white matter contains

A

myelinated axons

37
Q

gray matter contains

A

nerve cell bodies, glial cells, and unmyelinated axons

38
Q

frontal lobe function

A

conscious control of skeletal muscles

39
Q

temporal lobe function

A

conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli

40
Q

parietal lobe function

A

conscious perception of touch, press, vibration, pain, temperature and taste

41
Q

occipital lobe function

A

conscious perception of visual stimuli

42
Q

prefrontal cortex function

A

perform complicated learning and reasoning functions, provides emotional context and motivation, producing future consequences of events

43
Q

insula lobe function

A

language and balance, visceral functions (upset stomach, full bladder), some aspects of smell

44
Q

precentral gyrus function

A

primary motor cortex; voluntary movement by controlling somatic motor neurons

45
Q

postcentral gyrus function

A

primary sensory cortex; receive somatic sensory info from touch, pressure, pain, taste and temp receptors from dorsal columns and spinothalamic tracts

46
Q

corpus callosum function

A

composed of central white matter and links the right and left hemispheres

47
Q

thalamus function

A
  • relay center for sensory and motor pathways
  • ## filters info for sensory actions
48
Q

hypothalamus function

A

Sex drives, hunger and appetite, autonomic function

Little bit emotional and endocrine

49
Q

midbrain function

A

-process visual and auditory info and generates responses to the stimuli

50
Q

pons function

A

involved with involuntary control of respiration

51
Q

cerebellum function

A
  • planning, execution, and coordination of limb and trunk movements
  • maintenance of balance and control of eye movements
  • motor movements such as posture, balance, coordination and speech
52
Q

medulla oblongata function

A

helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing and swallowing

53
Q

2 types of nerves

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Human Anatomy (11 decks)

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