Lab 9: Animal Diversity Flashcards
Acoelomate
A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall.
An animal that lacks a coelom. Acoelomates, which include the flatworm, fluke, tapeworm, and ribbon worm, exhibit bilateral symmetry and possess one internal space, the digestive cavity.
Bilateral Symmetry
Body symmetry in which a central longitudinal plane divides the body into two equal but opposite halves.
The 3 Domains
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaria
Eukarya The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
Includes 4 Kingdoms: Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista
eukaryotic cell
A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.
No cell wall.
Protist
An informal term applied to any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus. Most protists are unicellular, though some are colonial or multicellular.
Protista
a paraphyletic group (Pertaining to a group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.)
Asymmetry
?
cephalization
An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment at the anterior end of the body.
coelom
A body cavity lined by tissue derived only from mesoderm. Provides cushion and shock absorption.
coelomate
An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).
deuterostome development
In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the anus from the blastopore; often also characterized by radial cleavage and by the body cavity forming as outpockets of mesodermal tissue
exoskeleton
A hard encasement on the surface of an animal, such as the shell of a mollusc or the cuticle of an arthropod, that provides protection and points of attachment for muscles.
Multicellular
?
Nonvascular
?
protostome development
In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the mouth from the blastopore; often also characterized by spiral cleavage and by the body cavity forming when solid masses of mesoderm split.
pseudocoelomate
An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm.
an invertebrate (as a nematode or rotifer) having a body cavity that is a pseudocoel
radial symmetry
Symmetry in which the body is shaped like a pie or barrel (lacking a left side and a right side) and can be divided into mirror-imaged halves by any plane through its central axis.
Segmentation
?
Unicellular
?
Taxalogical Hierarchy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Lineuous.
Father or taxonomy
writing genus and species
genus and species are typed in italics, genus is capitalized
blastopore
In a gastrula, the opening of the archenteron that typically develops into the anus in deuterostomes and the mouth in protostomes.
The first opening of the embryo
Protostomes
unranked paraphyletic
mouth first
Spiral, don’t sit on top of each other
Deuterostomes
monophyletic superphylum
anus first
radial, indeterminate cleavage
sit on top of one another
triploblastic
Possessing 3 germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm.
Most eumetazoans are triploblastic.
Include protostomes ans deuterostomes.
Only triploblastic animals have ceolom
trochophore larva
Distinctive larval stage observed in some lophotrochozoan animals, including some annelids and molluscs.
lophotrochozoan
Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence. Lophotrochozoans include organisms that have lophophores or trochophore larvae.
Phylum Porifera
No true Tissues. Assymetric. Sponges. Aquatic. Pore-bearing. Choanocyte. Hermaphrodite.
choanocyte
A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. Also called a collar cell, it has a collar-like ring that traps food particles around the base of its flagellum.
hermaphrodite
An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.
Phylum Cnidaria
"cnidar"= stinging nettle Aquatic. Posses Cnidocytes. Tentacles. Reproduces asexually (budding) and sexually. Polyps and Medusas
cnidocyte
A specialized cell unique to the phylum Cnidaria; contains a capsule-like organelle housing a coiled thread that, when discharged, explodes outward and functions in prey capture or defense.
Medusa
The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the polyp.
“-zoa”
animals
Phylum Platyhelmenthes
“platy” = flat worm
Phylum Mollusca
“mollusk” = soft body
Muscular foot.
Phylum Mollusca
“mollusk” = soft body.
Muscular foot.
Class Gastropoda
“stomach-footed”
Snails, Slugs, Snails
Class Bivalvia
“2-shelled”
Mussels, Clams, Oysters
Class Cephalopoda
Squid, Octopuses, Nautiluses
Phylum Annelida
“annel” = ringed body
Segmented bodies.
Phylum Nematoda
“nemato”= thread
Phylum Arthropoda
“jointed-foot”
Most numerous animal phylum.
Chitin exoskeleton.
Phylum Arthropoda
“jointed-foot”
Most numerous animal phylum.
Includes insects, arthropods, crustaceans, millipedes, etc..
Chitin exoskeleton.
Phylum Echnioderm
“spiny-skinned”
Marine.
Phylum Echnioderm
“spiny-skinned”
Marine.
Clacium Carbonate endoskeleton.
Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc…
Phylum Chordata
4 Major characteristics of Chordates:
- Notochord
- Dorsal, Hollow nerve cord
- Pharyngeal dill slits
- Muscular post-anal tail
