Lab 4: Angiosperm Structure and Function Flashcards
Flowers are the sexual reproductive organs of plants. Eggs are produced by ovules in ovaries. Sperm are released from pollen grains produced by anthers. A pollen tube delivers two sperm nuclei to the ovule. Two fertilizations must occur for a seed to develop, one that forms the embryo and a second that forms the endosperm. A seed contains an embryo and its food supply enclosed within a seed coat. A fruit results from growth of a flower’s ovary.
Angiosperms
A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
A basic angiosperm body is composed of a root and a shoot.
Division Anthophyta
Shoot system
The aerial (above ground) portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers.
2 Major Groups of Angiosperms
Eudicots and Monocots
Eudicot Characteristics
- 2 Cotyledons
- Net-like Veins in Leaves
- Flower Petals come in Multiples of 4 or 5
- Stem Vascular System is Ring-Shaped
- Root Vascular System is in a cylinder in the center of the root
- Includes trees
- Wood (the xylem part)
Monocots Characteristics
- 1 Cotyledon
- Parallel Veins in Leaves
- Flower Petals come in Multiples of 3
- Stem Vascular System is Scattered
- Root Vascular System is Ring-Shaped
- Includes shrubs, grasses, corn
Flowers
The reproductive part of angiosperms.
Modified leaves.
Modified leaves
Petals, sepals, stamens, pistils
Sepals
Protect the developing bud.
Sterile.
Petals
Sterile.
Reproductive parts of the flower:
Female: Pistil
Male: Stamen
Pistil
Gynoecium
Female part of the flower.
Consists of the ovary, ovules, style, and stigma.
Stamen
Androecium
Male part of the flower.
The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament.
Pollination
The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization.
stigma
The female sticky part of a flower, which receives pollen grains.
primary growth
Growth produced by apical meristems, lengthening stems and roots.
secondary growth
Growth produced by lateral meristems, thickening the roots and shoots of woody plants.
lateral meristem
A meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral meristems.
vascular cambium
A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.
cork cambium
A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher cork cells.
carpel
The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary (i.e., the pistil).
node
A point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached.
pollen
In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.
