Lab 9

Question 1

Kanamycin

Answer 1

Antibiotic which enters cells and binds to the 30S small ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis.

Question 2

Avery et al. (1994)

Answer 2

Tested various cellular macromolecules for their ability to transform R type (non-virulent) Streptococcus Pneumonia into type S (virulent).
Found that DNA was the only macromolecule capable of transforming R to S.

Question 3

Transcription

Answer 3

The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template.

Question 4

Translation

Answer 4

The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of “language” from nucleotides to amino acids.

Question 5

Transformation

Answer 5

1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation reults in horizontal gene transfer.

Question 6

Plasmid

Answer 6

A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that carries accessory genes seperate from those of a bacterial chromosome; in DNA cloning, used as vectors carrying up to about 10,000 base pairs fo DNA. Plasmids are also found in some eukaryotes, such as yeasts.