Lab 9 Flashcards
what is the pathway of circulatory?
heart -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins
what is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circuit?
pulmonary: deoxygenated blood travels from heart to lungs and back to heart
systemic: blood pumped from heart to rest of body and back to heart
what is the pulmonary circuit?
right atrium receives deoxygenated -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunk -> right and left pulmonary arteries -> capillaries of lungs -> pulmonary veins
what is systemic circuit?
left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta -> aortic arch
what does the umbilical cord have?
2 arteries that carry deoxygenated, 1 vein that carries oxygenated, and allantoic stalk that connects to allantois (sac that acts as dump for metabolic waste)
what is the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen vale?
ductus venosus: passed under liver & brings blood to right atrium then right ventricle
ductus arteriosus: shunt b/w pulmonary artery & aorta so that much of oxygenated blood passed to aorta and only small amount goes to lungs
foramen ovale: opening in septum b/w right and left atria. allows blood to go directly from right to left and not go to lungs
what does the superior vena cava branch into?
the first short branch called right & left brachiocephalic vein. the internal jugular, external jugular, cephalic vein, and right subclavian vein form brachiocephalic vein
what does the aortic arch branch into?
the first is brachiocephalic trunk, which split into right subclavian after and common carotid artery. the second branch called left subclavian artery
what is the hepatic port system?
connecting to intestines, pancreas, spleen, and stomach -> connects capillary system associated with GI to capillary bed of liver
- portal system is vein that connects two capillary beds
what does the caudal aorta branch into?
celiac artery that goes to stomach, pancreas, and spleen
renal arteries followed by arteries found in hind-limbs (iliac and femoral)
what are the layers of the arteries?
three layers: innermost endothelium (example of squamous epithelium); middle layer of smooth muscle & connective tissue); outer layer of connective tissue (elastic collagen fibers)
what are granular leukocytes?
large, lobed nuclei and granules in cytoplasm
- neutrophils (phagocytic cells that engulf bacteria & dead cells)
- eosinophils (allergic reactions & parasitic infections)
- basophils (granules that contain histamine - dilation of blood vessels)
what are agranular leukocytes?
- lymphocytes (produce antibodies)
- monocytes (macrophages/giant scavenging cells)
