Lab 2 Flashcards
how much of the algae in the world comes from algae?
70%-80%
what does the Clade Alveolates have in common and include?
include ciliates (Paramecia), dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans
have alveoli or sacs below plasma membrane
what do ciliates (Paramecia) have?
cilia used for locomotion; found in freshwater; heterotrophic & feed on decaying; contractile vacuoles help them osmoregulate; two types of nuclei (one for reproduction & one for regulating metabolism & growth); also use conjugation for sex
what do dinoflagellates have?
found in freshwater & saltwater; two flagellum (one that lies in longitudinal groove & one that lives in transverse groove); most photosynthetic & some are free living; others have endosymbiosis in tissues of corals, jellyfish, and clams; some cause algal blooms called red tides
what do apicomplexa have?
are entirely parasitic (Ex: malaria)
- symptoms include fever and chills that occur in waves every 24-48 hrs
what does the clade stramenopiles have?
brown algae, diatoms, and water molds
what are water molds?
filamentous group that used to be classified as fungi (but they have cellulose instead of chitin)
- caused potato famine in Ireland
what are diatoms?
mostly unicellular; generally made from two shells containing silica that fit together (because silica well preserved, diatoms important in fossil record)
what are brown algae?
kelps have specialized regions: blades (leaf-like), stipes (stem), and holdfasts (roots); source of align (thickening agent); habitat source
what is the clade excavates?
giardia, trichonympha, trypanosomes, euglena
what are Giardia?
lack mitochondria; intestinal parasite that infects people & cause severe diarrhea and dehydration; cause backpacker’s diarrhea; have two haploid nuclei
what are trichonympha?
group of protists that live symbiotically in fits of termites and cockroaches; have numerous long flagella; digest cellulose in wood & they use endosymbiotic bacteria to digest cellulose
what are euglena?
very small, can reproduce only by mitosis, autotrophic with light & heterotrophic without light; found in freshwater & contribute to algal blooms; flexible outer covering called pellicle
what are trypanosomes?
parasitic and cause African sleeping sickness and spread by bite of tsetse fly. very small & can be seen in blood with sickness; can evade immune system
what is the clade rhizaria?
forams and radiolaria
- microscopic and include Amoeba-like cells that are enclose din carbonate shell; shell has minute objecting through which projections can extend; they are predators; have long thin pseudopods, they can form massive deposits of foraminifera shells
what is the clade amoebozoans?
amoeba and slime molds
what are amoeba?
lobe-shaped pseudopods are present; they are single celled & can be huge; can change size & shape; move by pseudopodia (flexible extension of cytoplasm); predators, scavengers, and parasites
what are slime mold?
multinucleate mass of streaming cytoplasm that are macroscopic & not uncommon in gardens; creeps along & ingests bacteria, molds, and decaying organic
what are clade opisthokonts?
fungi, choanoflagellates, and animals
- characterize by at some point having single posterior flagellum in motile cell; similar in ribosomal RNA sequence
(choanoflagellates are free0living marine group that have similar cells to sponge & have collar surrounding flagellum that helps them capture stuff to feed)
