Lab 5

Question 1

what are the three phyla of Lophotrochozoans?

Answer 1

flatworms, annelids, and mollusks

Question 2

what are the three Ecdysozoans?

Answer 2

tardigrades, nematodes, and arthropods
- grow through ecdysis (molting)

Question 3

what are nematodes?

Answer 3

round in cross section and simple internal structure. have bilateral symmetry, tube within a tube digestive system, and impressive ability to reproduce. have pseudocoelom

Question 4

what are tardigrades?

Answer 4

water bears and have fleshy, unjoined appendages controlled by hydrostatic skeleton

Question 5

what are arthropods?

Answer 5

most successful and largest of all animal groups.
- have segmentation that allowed for regions (tagmata) to be specialized
- exoskeleton made of chitin and paired jointed appendages

Question 6

what are the taxonomy to know?

Answer 6

Crustaceans: crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp
Myriapods: millipedes and centipedes
Chelicerates: spiders, ticks, scorpions
Hexapods: insects and relatives

Question 7

what are deuterostomes?

Answer 7

echinoderms and chordates

Question 8

what are echinoderm?

Answer 8

earliest multicellular animals with endoskeleton of calcium carbonate
- larvae are bilaterally symmetrical and free swimming -> metamorphosis -> pentaradial symmetry
- have water vascular system (system of fluid-filled tubes, canals, and chambers that functions as locomotor system, circulatory system, and respiratory)

Question 9

what determines chordate?

Answer 9

have notochord some time in development (dorsal stiff rod that helps support animal) -> also secrete protein important in development. replaced by vertebral column. all members have dorsal, hollow nerve tube & post anal tail

Question 10

what are the three taxonomy of chordates to know?

Answer 10

tunicates: sea squirt with two siphons (incurrent and excurrent) -> pull water in via incurrent -> modified pharynx -> mucus catches particles of food -> esophagus
lancelets: shaped like fish and live in shallow water. burrow and feed in manner that similar to tunicate. have clear notochord. belong to genus Amphioxus or Brachiostoma
vertebrates

Question 11

what are vertebrates?

Answer 11

hagfish: no jaw/skeleton of cartilage/slime
lampreys: parasite and go through complete metamorphosis and have larval stage similar to lancelets
chondrichthyans: sharks, rays, skates, and chimeras
ray-finned fishes: perch, salmon, tuna, and trout (bony, swim bladder, and marine/freshwater)
coelacanths: living fossil (lobe-finned fishes) with primarily cartilage
lungfishes: lobe-finned
amphibians: three chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle)
reptiles (w/ bird)
mammals: monotremes, marsupials, and Eutherians (placenta)