Lab 10 Flashcards
what is the seminiferous tubule?
it is where sperm is produced through spermatogenesis.
what are the stages of spermatogenesis?
spermatogonium (found near the outside edge of each tubule), primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, and sperm cells (located at center of tubule)
what are interstitial (Leydig) cells?
within testis are these cells that produce testosterone (primary) but adrenal glands also produce some
where are sperm stored and matured?
in the epididymis; the seminiferous tubule connected to larger tube
what is the path of ejaculation?
sperm leave epididymis and travel through vas deferens to urethra
what is the use of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral gland?
seminal vesicles: located at juncture of vas deferens and urethra, secrete alkaline fluids that neutralize acidity of vagina & provide fructose to sperm
bulbourethral: caudal to vas deferens and lies along side of urethra. produces alkaline fluid that helps neutralize acidity of vagina
what is the spermatic cord?
contains vas deferens, artery & vein, lymphatic vessels & nerves
how does oogenesis begin?
begins before birth b/c thousands of oogonia present in fetal ovaries. during later development, some oogonia may grow & become primary oocytes. these primary oocytes start process of meiosis but will go into resting state in prophase I. once puberty starts, primary oocytes w/ granulose cells will continue through meiosis. oocyte & granulose will make follicle
what does primary oocyte do?
primary oocyte completes first meiotic division and produces one large cell called secondary oocyte and one small cell called polar body
what is the difference between secondary oocyte and polar body?
most cytoplasm concentrated in secondary that will become ovum. polar body consists mostly of chromosomes. secondary starts second meiotic division but again will stop and only complete if fertilized
what is the zona pellucida?
layer made of glycoprotein that may separate the oocyte from follicle cells. this will bind with sperm if particular oocyte becomes fertilized
what happens when ovulation occurs?
follicle ruptures, releasing secondary oocyte. portion of follicle retina sin ovary and is called corpus luteum and becomes endocrine gland that secretes estrogen and progesterone
what are the two hormones controlling this process?
maturation of primary oocyte because of FSH and ovulation occurs because of LH
what happens during ovulation?
oocyte carried into oviduct by fimbria (fringe) of oviduct. If fertilization does not occur in oviduct, oocyte will degenerate. if fertilization does occur, blastocysts will implant in lining of uterus
how many liters of blood is filtered?
2000 liters (500 gallons) each day
what is the process of filtration?
one part of nephron is knot of capillaries surrounded by capsule called glomerulus -> surrounded by Bowman’s capsule that receives fluid (filtrate) forced out of glomerulus -> carries along proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra
what does the proximal convoluted tubule take out of the filtrate?
NaCl + H2O
what does the loop of Henle take out?
H2O (concentrating)
- permeable to water but not NaCl
what does ascending loop of Henle take out?
NaCl (diluting)
- impermeable to water
what does distal convoluted tubule take out?
NaCl
what does collecting ducts take out?
Na+, H2O (if ADH present)
