lab 9 & 10 Flashcards
what do your cells uses glucose for
create ATP
what is the normal range for fasting blood glucose
4-6mmol/L
what did we find from lab 10 - results from blood glucose concentration with glucose spit
expect blood glucose to decrease over time
if you fasted for 12hrs what would this mean for glucose concentration
would stay consent
what did we find from lab 10 - results from blood glucose concentration with glucose drink
insulin will simulate the pancreas, take time for glucose to go into blood - glucose levels rise over time
what did we find from lab 10 - results from blood glucose concentration with exercise
glucose levels drops over time
why is important for the blood glucose to be kept within that range (4-6)
- so cells always have full they need to make ATP
- important it is not too high - or else will cause damage to cells
when fasting what hormone is released when blood glucose drops below normal range
glucagon
when fasting which organ and which cells glucagon is released from
alpha cells from pancrease
what tissues are target cells for glucagon hormone
liver
when bound to receptors on alpha cells what effect does glucagon hormone have
- liver breaks down glucose
- make more glucose, to release into blood stream, to increase blood glucose levels
what turns off rlease of glucogon hormone
pancrea stops secreting glycagon when blood glucose increases and returns to normal
what turns off release of glucagon hormone
pancreas stops secreting glycagon when blood glucose increases and returns to normal
if you sip of spit out glucose solution (lab 10) - blood glucose may have decreased from baseline why?
- brain receives signals from taste receptor detect glucose
- stimulates brain to activate insulin hormone release from pancreas - w/ anticipation
- insulin signals cells take glucose out of blood to reduce concentration
- feedforward control
- cephalic phase (brain)
if you exercise in lab 10, blood glucose may have decreased why?
- cells using more glucose
- take out glucose - less in blood
if after drinking glucose drink blood glucose levels increased above normal range - which hormone is released
insulin
if insulin is released which organ and cells is this released from
pancrease, beta cells
which target cells have receptors for insulin hormone
all body cells
when bound to to receptors on beta cells what effect does this insulin hormone have
insulin stimulates glucose out of blood to use
- livers and skeletal all store glucose as glycogen and adipose cells store glucose as fat
what turns off release of insulin
as blood glucose decrease, returns to normal - pancreas stops secreting insulin
what hormones increase blood glucose
glycogon, adrenalin, cortisol, growth
what is the only hormone decrease blood glucose
insulin
what is the stimulus and effect of glugacon
glucose is gone
stimulus: low blood glucose
effect: increase blood glucose
what is the stimulus and effect of insulin
stimulus: high blood glucose
effect: decrease blood glucose
what is the stimulus and effect of TRH
stimulus: cold stress/exercise
effect: stimulus release of TSH from anterior pituitary gland
what is the effect of TSH
stimulates release of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland
what is the effect Thyroid hormone
increase cellular metabolism - all cells to work faster
what is the stimulus and effect of GHRH
stimulus: sleep/ exercise
effect: release GH from anterior pituitary
what is the effect of GH (2)
- increase fuel in blood (glucose, fatty acids)
- release IGF-1 from liver
what is the effect of IGF-1
increase growth tissue
what is the stimulus and effect of adrenaline
stimulus: short-term stress/exercise
effect: increase HR, BP, and fuel
what is the stimulus and effect of ADH
stimulus: stress/exercise and increase ECF osmolarity (dehydration)
effect: causes kidney to reabsorb more water back into the blood
what is the stimulus and effect of CRH
stimulus: chronic stress/ or normal day -nigh rhythm
effect: release ACTH
what is the effect of ACTH
release of cortisol from adrenal gland
what is the effect of cortisol
long term stress respons, increase fuel sources (glucose, fatty acid, AA), BP, immunity
hypothalamic neurons to
sympathetic neurons
sympathetic neurons connect to
adernal medulla (middle of medulla)
adernal medulla causes the release of
adrenaline
hypothalamic nurons axons reach down into what gland
posterior pituitary gland
posterior pituitary gland releases
ADH - no peeing, making kidney cells reabsorb more water back into blood
what is the off signal for glugacon
increase glucose
what is the off singal for insulin
decrease glucose
what is the off signal for TRH
warm up or stop exercise. TSH and TH negative feedback
what is the off signal for TSH
no more TRH, TH negative feedback
TH off signal
no more TSH
what is the off signal for GHRH
stop sleeping, stop exercise - GH and IGF-1 negative feedback
what is the off signal for GH
no more GHRH - increasing GHIH, IGF-1 negative feedback
what is the off signal for IGF-1
no more GH
what is the off signal for adrenaline
remove stress or stop exercising
what is the off signal for ADH
remove stress or stop exercising or rehydrate
what is the off signal for CRH
change time of day or remove stress - ACTH and cortisol negative feedback
what is the off signal for ACTH
no more CRH - cortisol negative feedback
what is the off signal for cortisol
no more ACTH
