Lab 8 Structures Flashcards
what structures can you use to identify the lower/mid level medulla cross section?
- pyramids
- gracile/cuneate fasciulus/nuclei
- hypoglossal nucleus
- obex
- inferior olivary nucleus
gracile/cuneate nucleus and fasciculus
medulla → level of sensory decussation
lateral (accessory) cuneate nucleus
medulla → level of sensory decussation
serves as synapse site for 1st order neuron of cuneocerebellar tract
internal arcuate fibers and medial lemniscus
medulla → level of sensory decussation
- arcuate fibers are 2nd order neurons of DCML tract leaving the dorsal column nuclei and crossing to contralateral medulla
- medial lemniscus: the bundle of crossed fibers
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
medulla → level of sensory decussation
white matter pathway that contains descending vestibular information and ascending conjugate gaze control
trigeminothalamic tract
medulla → level of sensory decussation
crossed tract carrying ascending sensory information from face
spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract
medulla → level of sensory decussation
associated with pain and temperature info from face
spinothalamic tract
medulla → level of sensory decussation
pyramids/corticospinal tract
medulla → level of sensory decussation
hypoglossal nucleus
medulla → level of sensory decussation
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
medulla → level of sensory decussation
solitary nucleus/tract
medulla → level of sensory decussation
taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue (CN IX)
nucleus ambiguus
medulla → level of sensory decussation
motor functions of CN IX and CN X
obex
medulla → level of sensory decussation
region of median aperature closest to 4th ventricle
inferior (principal) olivary nucleus
medulla → level of sensory decussation
- gives rise to climbing fibers to cerebellum
- nucleus deep to external olive
reticular formation
medulla → level of sensory decussation
- diffuse nuclei throughout regions of brainstem
- serve variety of functions (e.g. reticulospinal tracts, pain modulation, cardiac/pulmonary functions)
what structures can you use to identify the upper level medulla cross section?
spinothalamic tract (ALS)
rostral medulla → level of ICP
spinal trigeminal nucleus/tract
rostral medulla → level of ICP
medial lemniscus
rostral medulla → level of ICP
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
pyramids
rostral medulla → level of ICP
descending sympathetic fibers
rostral medulla → level of ICP
- associated with pupillary dilation, elevation of eyelid, sweating to face
- ipsilateral impact if lesioned
cochlear nuclei (dorsal, ventral)
rostral medulla → level of ICP
associated with aspects of hearing
vestibular nuclei (medial, inferior)
rostral medulla → level of ICP
glossopharyngeal nerve
rostral medulla → level of ICP
solitary nucleus/tract
rostral medulla → level of ICP
taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue (CN IX)
nucleus ambiguus
rostral medulla → level of ICP
motor functions of CN IX and CN X
inferior olivary nucleus
rostral medulla → level of ICP
inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)
rostral medulla → level of ICP
what structures can you use to identify the caudal pons cross section?
medial longitudinal fasciculus
caudal pons
medial lemniscus (orientation)
caudal pons
trigeminothalmic tract
caudal pons
spinothalamic tract (ALS)
caudal pons
corticospinal tract (CST) and corticobulbar
caudal pons
spinal trigeminal nucleus/tract
caudal pons
vestibular nuclei
caudal pons
facial colliculus
caudal pons
externally located (deep is abducens nucleus and facial nerve)
facial nucleus, facial nerve
caudal pons
abducens nucleus, nerve
caudal pons
sulcus limitans
caudal pons
superior cerebellar peduncle
caudal pons
reticular formation
caudal pons
collection of diffuse nuclei located in posteriomedial region of medulla, pons, midbrain
pontine nuclei
caudal pons
receive information from cortex and relays information to cerebellum via cerebropontocerebellar fibers
(cerebro)pontocerebellar axons
caudal pons
relays information from pontine nuclei to contralateral cerebellum through MCP
4th ventricle
caudal pons
what structures can you use to identify the upper midbrain cross section?
corticospinal tract (CST)/bulbar fibers
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
medial lemniscus
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
spinothalamic fibers
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
trigeminothalamic tract
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
oculomotor nucleus
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
oculomotor nerve
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
pulvinar nuclear complex
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
- most posterior nucleus of thalamus
- associated with visuomotor behaviors, body awareness/attention
medial/lateral geniculate nucleus
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
cerebral aqueduct
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
periaqueductal grey (PAG)
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
- gray matter surrounding cerebral aqueduct
- associated with pain modulation
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
gives rise to pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with pupillary constriction of eye
red nucleus
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
substantia nigra
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
source of dopaminergic fibers
cerebral peduncles
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
interpeduncular fossa
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
superior colliculus
midbrain → level of superior colliculus
label pons blood supply
label midbrain blood supply