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Neuroscience > Lab 4 Structures > Flashcards

Lab 4 Structures Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are seen in the inferior/ventral diencephalon?

A
  • mammillary body
  • infundibular stalk
  • CN II (optic nerve)
  • optic chiasm
  • optic tracts
  • olfactor tract
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2
Q

mammillary body

A
  • connected to hippocampus via fornix
  • role in memory
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3
Q

infundibular stalk

A

communicates info from hypothalamus to pituitary gland

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4
Q

optic nerve

A
  • CN II
  • vision
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5
Q

optic chiasm

A

crossing axons of optic nerve from both eyes

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6
Q

optic tracts

A

carries axons of optic nerve to lateral geniculate nucleus (after chiasm)

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7
Q

olfactory tract

A

associated with sense of smell

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8
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the diencephalon?

A
  • CN I (olfactory nerve)
  • CN II (optic nerve)
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9
Q

what structures are seen in the inferior/ventral midbrain?

A
  • cerebral peduncles
  • interpeduncular fossa
  • CN III
  • CN IV
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10
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

major white matter pathway for descending from cerebral hemisphere to brainstem

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11
Q

interpeduncular fossa

A
  • space between cerebral peduncles
  • exit for CN III
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12
Q

oculomotor nerve

A
  • CN III
  • extra-ocular eye movements (up, down, in, up/in)
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13
Q

trochlear nerve

A
  • CN IV
  • eye movement (down/in)
  • exits brainstem dorsally
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14
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the mesencephalon (midbrain)?

A
  • CN III (oculomotor)
  • CN IV (trochlear)
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15
Q

what structures are seen in the inferior/ventral pons?

A
  • middle cerebellar peduncle
  • CN V
  • CN VI
  • CN VII
  • CN VIII
  • cerebellopontine angle
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16
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A

communicates info from cerebrum to cerebellum via pontine nuclei and fibers

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17
Q

trigeminal nerve

A
  • CN V
  • sensation to face
  • muscles of mastication
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18
Q

abducens nerve

A
  • CN VI
  • eye movement (laterally)
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19
Q

facial nerve

A
  • CN VII
  • facial muscles (expression)
  • taste
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20
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A
  • CN VIII
  • hearing/balance
  • position in space/GPS for eyes
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21
Q

cerebellopontine angle

A

region of CN VII, VIII

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22
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the metencephalon (pons)?

A
  • CN V (trigeminal)
  • CN VI (abducens)
  • CN VII (facial)
  • CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
23
Q

what structures are seen in the inferior/ventral medulla?

A
  • pyramids/pyramidal decussation
  • olive
  • CN XII
  • CN IX
  • CN X
  • CN XI
24
Q

pyramids/pyramidal decussation

A

* pyramids → ventral descending motor pathway
* pyramidal decussation → crossing of pathway

25
Q

olive

A

gives rise to climbing fibers to cerebellum

26
Q

hypoglossal nerve

A
  • CN XII
  • located in front of olive
  • tongue movements
27
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A
  • CN IX
  • pharynx
28
Q

vagus nerve

A
  • CN X
  • swallowing
  • vocal chords
  • breathing
  • cardiac info
  • gag
29
Q

spinal accessory nerve

A
  • CN XI
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
30
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the myelencephalon (medulla)?

A
  • CN XII (hypoglossal)
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (vagus)
  • CN XI (spinal accessory)
31
Q

what structures are seen in the dorsal diencephalon?

A
  • lateral geniculate nucleus
  • medial geniculate nucleus

lateral geniculate nucleus not shown in this picture

32
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus

A

associated with vision and superior colliculus

33
Q

medial geniculate nucleus

A

associated with audition and inferior colliculus

34
Q

what structures are seen in the dorsal midbrain?

A
  • tectum (superior/inferior colliculus)
  • brachium of superior/inferior colliculi
  • CN IV
35
Q

tectum

A
  • forms roof over cerebral aqueduct
  • associated with vision/hearing
36
Q

brachium of superior/inferior colliculi

A

pathways connecting colliculi to geniculate nuclei

37
Q

where does trochlear nerve exit toward?

A

exits toward ventral brainstem

38
Q

what structures are seen in the dorsal pons?

A
  • floor of 4th ventricle
  • facial colliculus
  • sulcus limitans (both pons/medulla)
  • lateral apertures
  • vestibular region (nuclei)
39
Q

floor of 4th ventricle

A
40
Q

facial colliculus

A
  • bump formed by facial nerve arching dorsally around abducens nucleus
  • located in midline portion of lower pons (floor)
41
Q

sulcus limitans

pons and medulla

A
  • groove where floor of 4th ventricle meets walls of ventricle
  • division of medial motor/lateral sensory structures
42
Q

lateral aperatures

A

2 lateral exits from 4th ventricle

43
Q

vestibular region

nuclei

A
  • located laterally in proximity to each lateral aperature
  • related to balance and coordinated eye movements
44
Q

what structures are seen in the dorsal medulla?

A
  • median aperature
  • hypoglossal trigone
  • vagal trigone
  • dorsal column nuclei (gracile/cuneate tubercle)
  • dorsal column fibers (gracile/cuneate fasciculus)
45
Q

median aperature

A

single midline exit from 4th ventricle

46
Q

hypoglossal trigone

A

nucleus of hypoglossal nerve

47
Q

vagal trigone

A

nucleus of vagus nerve

48
Q

dorsal column nuclei

deep to tubercles

A

nuclei associated with dorsal ascending sensory info from body

49
Q

gracile tubercle

A
  • medially located bump
  • carries info about LE
50
Q

cuneate tubercle

A
  • laterally located bump
  • carries info about UE
51
Q

dorsal column fibers

deep to fasciculus

A

neurons (fibers/pathways) carrying body sensory info (vibration, joint position sense, discriminative touch) to dorsal column nuclei beneath tubercles

52
Q

gracile fasciculus

A
  • LE
  • located medially on dorsal medulla
53
Q

cuneate fasciculus

A
  • UE
  • located laterally on dorsal medulla

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