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Neuroscience > Lab 5 Structures > Flashcards

Lab 5 Structures Flashcards

1
Q

insula

A

role in consciousness, emotion, body homeostasis, sense of “self”

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2
Q

putamen

A
  • part of basal ganglia
  • role to regulate movement
  • influence learning
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3
Q

globus pallidus

A
  • part of basal ganglia
  • role in regulation of movement via inhibiting thalamic outflow to cortex
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4
Q

internal capsule

posterior limb, genu, anterior limb

A

* posterior limb → primary ascending/descending tracts
* genu → corticobulbar tracts
* anterior limb → frontopontine/thalamocortical fibers

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5
Q

thalamus

A
  • multifunctional
  • relays sensory/motor information
  • sensory processing
  • regulation of sleep/wakefulness, consciousness, mood
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6
Q

columns of fornix

A

fornix connects mammillary bodies to hippocampus

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7
Q

caudate

A
  • part of basal ganglia
  • role in motor regulation/function
  • learning
  • reward system
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8
Q

lateral ventricles

A
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9
Q

third ventricle

A
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10
Q

corpus callosum

genu, splenium

A

large white matter structure that shares information between hemispheres

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11
Q

optic radiations

A

white matter pathway relaying visual information from lateral geniculate nucleus

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12
Q

hippocampus

A

role in memory/learning

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13
Q

lateral ventricle

body, inferior horn

A

“C-shaped” ventricles that underlie each cerebral hemisphere

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14
Q

corpus callosum

A

large white matter structure that shares information between hemispheres

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15
Q

body of fornix

A

connects mammillary bodies to hippocampus

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16
Q

body of caudate

A
  • part of basal ganglia
  • role in motor regulation/function
  • learning
  • reward system
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17
Q

posterior limb of internal capsule

A

primary ascending/descending tracts

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18
Q

putamen

A
  • part of basal ganglia
  • role to regulate movement
  • influence learning
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19
Q

globus pallidus

A
  • part of basal ganglia
  • role in regulation of movement via inhibiting thalamic outflow to cortex
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20
Q

corona radiata

A
  • white matter tracts connecting with anterior cingulate cortex and inferior frontal-orbital gyrus
  • in charge of voluntary emotional expression/cognition processing
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21
Q

insula

A
  • deep to lateral sulcus/transverse gyri of Heschl
  • role in consciousness, emotion, body homeostasis, sense of “self”
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22
Q

thalamus

A
  • multifunctional
  • relays sensory/motor information
  • sensory processing
  • regulation of sleep and wakefulness
  • consciousness
  • mood
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23
Q

third ventricle

A

midline, central ventricle between right and left thalamus

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24
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

anterior part of midbrain that connects brainstem to thalamus

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25
Q

substantia nigra

A
  • contains dopamine releasing neurons
  • regulates basal ganglia (putamen)
26
Q

subthalamic nucleus

A
  • role in stimulating portion of globus pallidus
  • can lead to hemiballistic movements if lesioned
27
Q

red nucleus

A
  • located in ventral midbrain
  • involved in coordination of sensorimotor information
28
Q

basilar pons

A

ventral aspect of pons

29
Q

interpeduncular fossa

A

space between 2 cerebral peduncles

30
Q

hippocampus

A

role in memory and learning

31
Q

what are the 3 major functional roles of the cerebellum?

A
  • coordination of movement (timing/pattern of muscle activation during movement)
  • maintenance of equilibrium (inputs from vestibular system)
  • reguation of muscle tone (oversees spinal cord/brainstem postural control structures)
32
Q

what type of matter makes up the cortex?

A

gray matter (periphery)

33
Q

what type of matter makes up the medullary center?

A

white matter (nerve fibers to cortex, from cortex to deep nuclei, from one cortical area to another)

34
Q

what are the 4 pairs of deep nuclei?

A
  1. fastigial nucleus
  2. globose nucleus
  3. emboliform nucleus
  4. dentate nucleus

2 and 3 together are referred to as interposed nucleus

35
Q

what are peduncles? where are the superior cerebellar peduncle, middle CP, and inferior CP located?

A

afferent/efferent white matter pathways (nerve fibers) to/from various brainstem regions
* superior cerebellar peduncle → midbrain
* middle cerebellar peduncle → pons
* inferior cerebellar peduncle → medulla

36
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar lobes?

A
  • anterior lobe
  • posterior lobe
  • flocculonodular lobe
red → anterior lobe yellow → posterior lobe white → primary fissure
37
Q

anterior lobe

A

smaller lobe (superior)

red → anterior lobe yellow → posterior lobe white → primary fissure
38
Q

posterior lobe

A

larger lobe (sup/post/inf)

red → anterior lobe yellow → posterior lobe white → primary fissure
39
Q

flocculonodular lobe

A

consists of 2 structures
* left/right flocculus and nodulus (midline) of cerebellum

40
Q

primary fissure

A

separates anterior lobe from posterior lobe

red → anterior lobe yellow → posterior lobe white → primary fissure
41
Q

vermis (vermal region)

A
  • postural control
  • coordination during activity
  • proximal limb/trunk control

only 1 vermal region

42
Q

paravermis (paravermal region)

A
  • postural control
  • coordination during activity
  • distal limb control

2 paravermal regions

43
Q

lateral cerebellar hemispheres

A
  • refining voluntary movement
  • motor planning
  • limbs

2 hemispheres

44
Q

flocculus

A
  • part of floccularnodular lobe
  • balance adjustments
  • eye movements in response to vestibular inputs

there are 2

45
Q

nodulus

A
  • part of floccularnodular lobe
  • balance adjustments
  • eye movements in response to vestibular inputs

there is 1

46
Q

tonsil

A

can herniate through foramen magnum with increased intracranial pressure

there are 2

47
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A
  • primary outgoing info
  • to midbrain and onto cortex

there are 2

48
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A
  • primary incoming info
  • info from cortex to pons to lateral cerebellar hemispheres

there are 2

49
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle

A
  • primarily incoming info from spinal cord
  • from spinal cord to vermal/paravermal cerebellum

there are 2

50
Q

what are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A
  • vestibulocerebellum
  • spinocerebellum
  • cerebrocerebellum
51
Q

what anatomical division is related to the vestibulocerebellum?

A

flocculonodular lobe

52
Q

what is the deep nuclei associated to vestibulocerebellum?

A

vestibular nuclei

53
Q

where does vestibulocerebellum project via/to?

A
  • medial ascending (brainstem)
  • medial/lateral vestibular descending
54
Q

role/function of vestibulocerebellum

A
  • balance adjustments
  • eye movements in response to vestibular inputs
55
Q

what anatomical division is related to the spinocerebellum?

A

vermis/paravermal areas

56
Q

what is the deep nuclei associated to spinocerebellum?

A

* fastigial → vermal
* interposed (globose/emboliform) → paravermal

57
Q

where does spinocerebellum project via/to?

A
  • medial descending
  • lateral descending
58
Q

role/function of spinocerebellum

A
  • postural control
  • coordination during execution of motor act
59
Q

what anatomical division is related to the cerebrocerebellum?

A

cerebellar hemispheres

60
Q

what is the deep nuclei associated to cerebrocerebellum?

A

dentate

61
Q

where does cerebrocerebellum project via/to?

A

motor/premotor cortices

62
Q

role/function of cerebrocerebellum

A
  • refining voluntary movement
  • motor planning

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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