Lab 5 Structures Flashcards
insula
role in consciousness, emotion, body homeostasis, sense of “self”
putamen
- part of basal ganglia
- role to regulate movement
- influence learning
globus pallidus
- part of basal ganglia
- role in regulation of movement via inhibiting thalamic outflow to cortex
internal capsule
posterior limb, genu, anterior limb
* posterior limb → primary ascending/descending tracts
* genu → corticobulbar tracts
* anterior limb → frontopontine/thalamocortical fibers
thalamus
- multifunctional
- relays sensory/motor information
- sensory processing
- regulation of sleep/wakefulness, consciousness, mood
columns of fornix
fornix connects mammillary bodies to hippocampus
caudate
- part of basal ganglia
- role in motor regulation/function
- learning
- reward system
lateral ventricles
third ventricle
corpus callosum
genu, splenium
large white matter structure that shares information between hemispheres
optic radiations
white matter pathway relaying visual information from lateral geniculate nucleus
hippocampus
role in memory/learning
lateral ventricle
body, inferior horn
“C-shaped” ventricles that underlie each cerebral hemisphere
corpus callosum
large white matter structure that shares information between hemispheres
body of fornix
connects mammillary bodies to hippocampus
body of caudate
- part of basal ganglia
- role in motor regulation/function
- learning
- reward system
posterior limb of internal capsule
primary ascending/descending tracts
putamen
- part of basal ganglia
- role to regulate movement
- influence learning
globus pallidus
- part of basal ganglia
- role in regulation of movement via inhibiting thalamic outflow to cortex
corona radiata
- white matter tracts connecting with anterior cingulate cortex and inferior frontal-orbital gyrus
- in charge of voluntary emotional expression/cognition processing
insula
- deep to lateral sulcus/transverse gyri of Heschl
- role in consciousness, emotion, body homeostasis, sense of “self”
thalamus
- multifunctional
- relays sensory/motor information
- sensory processing
- regulation of sleep and wakefulness
- consciousness
- mood
third ventricle
midline, central ventricle between right and left thalamus
cerebral peduncles
anterior part of midbrain that connects brainstem to thalamus
substantia nigra
- contains dopamine releasing neurons
- regulates basal ganglia (putamen)
subthalamic nucleus
- role in stimulating portion of globus pallidus
- can lead to hemiballistic movements if lesioned
red nucleus
- located in ventral midbrain
- involved in coordination of sensorimotor information
basilar pons
ventral aspect of pons
interpeduncular fossa
space between 2 cerebral peduncles
hippocampus
role in memory and learning
what are the 3 major functional roles of the cerebellum?
- coordination of movement (timing/pattern of muscle activation during movement)
- maintenance of equilibrium (inputs from vestibular system)
- reguation of muscle tone (oversees spinal cord/brainstem postural control structures)
what type of matter makes up the cortex?
gray matter (periphery)
what type of matter makes up the medullary center?
white matter (nerve fibers to cortex, from cortex to deep nuclei, from one cortical area to another)
what are the 4 pairs of deep nuclei?
- fastigial nucleus
- globose nucleus
- emboliform nucleus
- dentate nucleus
2 and 3 together are referred to as interposed nucleus
what are peduncles? where are the superior cerebellar peduncle, middle CP, and inferior CP located?
afferent/efferent white matter pathways (nerve fibers) to/from various brainstem regions
* superior cerebellar peduncle → midbrain
* middle cerebellar peduncle → pons
* inferior cerebellar peduncle → medulla
what are the 3 cerebellar lobes?
- anterior lobe
- posterior lobe
- flocculonodular lobe
anterior lobe
smaller lobe (superior)
posterior lobe
larger lobe (sup/post/inf)
flocculonodular lobe
consists of 2 structures
* left/right flocculus and nodulus (midline) of cerebellum
primary fissure
separates anterior lobe from posterior lobe
vermis (vermal region)
- postural control
- coordination during activity
- proximal limb/trunk control
only 1 vermal region
paravermis (paravermal region)
- postural control
- coordination during activity
- distal limb control
2 paravermal regions
lateral cerebellar hemispheres
- refining voluntary movement
- motor planning
- limbs
2 hemispheres
flocculus
- part of floccularnodular lobe
- balance adjustments
- eye movements in response to vestibular inputs
there are 2
nodulus
- part of floccularnodular lobe
- balance adjustments
- eye movements in response to vestibular inputs
there is 1
tonsil
can herniate through foramen magnum with increased intracranial pressure
there are 2
superior cerebellar peduncle
- primary outgoing info
- to midbrain and onto cortex
there are 2
middle cerebellar peduncle
- primary incoming info
- info from cortex to pons to lateral cerebellar hemispheres
there are 2
inferior cerebellar peduncle
- primarily incoming info from spinal cord
- from spinal cord to vermal/paravermal cerebellum
there are 2
what are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum?
- vestibulocerebellum
- spinocerebellum
- cerebrocerebellum
what anatomical division is related to the vestibulocerebellum?
flocculonodular lobe
what is the deep nuclei associated to vestibulocerebellum?
vestibular nuclei
where does vestibulocerebellum project via/to?
- medial ascending (brainstem)
- medial/lateral vestibular descending
role/function of vestibulocerebellum
- balance adjustments
- eye movements in response to vestibular inputs
what anatomical division is related to the spinocerebellum?
vermis/paravermal areas
what is the deep nuclei associated to spinocerebellum?
* fastigial → vermal
* interposed (globose/emboliform) → paravermal
where does spinocerebellum project via/to?
- medial descending
- lateral descending
role/function of spinocerebellum
- postural control
- coordination during execution of motor act
what anatomical division is related to the cerebrocerebellum?
cerebellar hemispheres
what is the deep nuclei associated to cerebrocerebellum?
dentate
where does cerebrocerebellum project via/to?
motor/premotor cortices
role/function of cerebrocerebellum
- refining voluntary movement
- motor planning
