Lab 1 Structures

Question 1

precentral gyrus

Brodmann’s area? functions? lobe?

Answer 1

• 4 (primary motor cortex)
• execution of movement (distal muscles)
• frontal lobe

Question 2

superior frontal gyrus

Brodmann’s area? functions? lobe?

Answer 2

* 6 (lateral pre-motor area)
* motor programming
* sensory guidance of limb movements
* initiation and sequencing of movements
* frontal lobe
* dorsolateral premotor
* ventrolateral premotor

| superior frontal gyrus → entire highlighted section

Question 3

dorsolateral premotor

functions? lobe?

Answer 3

• plan selection
• frontal lobe

Question 4

ventrolateral premotor

functions? lobe?

Answer 4

• visually guided grasping (wrist positioning)
• frontal lobe

Question 5

middle frontal gyrus

associated area? functions? lobe?

Answer 5

* frontal eye fields (posterior region of middle gyrus)
* voluntary eye movements/conjugate gaze
* frontal lobe

| middle frontal gyrus → entire highlighted section

Question 6

inferior frontal gyrus

Brodmann’s area? functions? lobe?

Answer 6

* 44 (pars opercularis)
* 45 (pars triangularis)
* 44, 45 (Broca's Area)
* associated with motor aspects of speech

| inferior frontal gyrus → entire highlighted section

Question 7

prefrontal area

functions? lobe?

Answer 7

• anterior region of frontal lobes
• associated with executive functions (thinking, judgement, perceptions) and motor planning
• frontal lobe
• dorsolateral prefrontal
• ventrolateral prefrontal

Question 8

dorsolateral prefrontal

functions? lobes?

Answer 8

• task switching, working memory, inhibition
• frontal lobe

Question 9

ventrolateral prefrontal

functions? lobes?

Answer 9

• risk/reward
• motivation
• threat detection
• frontal lobe

Question 10

postcentral gyrus

Brodmann’s area? functions? lobe?

Answer 10

• 3, 1, 2 (primary somatosensory area)
• somatotopical arrangement based on body regions
• parietal lobe

Question 11

superior parietal lobule

association area? functions? lobe?

Answer 11

• sensory association area (posterior parietal area)
• integrates sensory and motor functions and aids in programming complex motor functions with premotor cortex
• parietal lobe

Question 12

inferior parietal lobule

gyri? function? lobe?

Answer 12

* supramarginal gyrus
* angular gyrus
* receive input from auditory and visual cortices and perform higher complex perceptions and spatial relations
* dominant in left hemisphere
* parietal lobe

| inferior parietal lobule → entire highlighted section

Question 13

lateral occipital gyrus

Brodmann’s area? association areas? functions? lobe?

Answer 13

* 17 (primary visual cortex)
* visual association areas (anterior portion of lobe)
* organize/integrate visual stimuli
* occipital lobe

| lateral occipital gyrus → entire highlighted section

Question 14

superior temporal gyrus

Brodmann’s area? functions? lobe?

Answer 14

* 22 (Wernicke's area)
* understanding speech/speech perception
* temporal lobe

| superior temporal gyrus → entire highlighted section

Question 15

transverse temporal gyri of Heschl

Brodmann’s area? functions? lobe?

Answer 15

• 41, 42 (primary auditory cortex) → hearing
• auditory association area → speech/language comprehension
• temporal lobe

Question 16

middle temporal gyrus

functions? lobe?

Answer 16

• associated with perception of moving objects in visual field
• memory
• temporal lobe

Question 17

inferior temporal gyrus

functions? lobe?

Answer 17

• recognition of faces
• memory
• temporal lobe

Question 18

paracentral lobule

functions?

Answer 18

• primary motor for LE (in pink)
• primary somatosensory for LE (in purple)
• bisected by central sulcus (in red)
• most anterior aspect is supplemental premotor area (in blue)

Question 19

superior frontal gyrus

Brodmann’s area? functions?

Answer 19

• 6 (supplemental premotor area)
• motor programming
• selection of motor programs

Question 20

cingulate gyrus

functions? lobe?

Answer 20

• emotions and drive
• limbic lobe

Question 21

precuneus

association areas? functions?

Answer 21

• sensory association area
• anterior border → marginal branch of cingulate sulcus
• posterior border → parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 22

cuneus

Brodmann’s area? association areas? functions?

Answer 22

• 17 (primary vision) → upper/lower banks of calcarine sulcus (striate cortex)
• vision association area (extrastriate cortex) → on either side of primary vision

Question 23

olfactory tract and bulb

functions?

Answer 23

• sense of smell
• associated with CN I

tract → pink bulb → purple

Question 24

orbital gyri

functions?

Answer 24

• prefrontal areas associated with limbic lobe

Question 25

parahippocampal gyrus

functions? lobe?

Answer 25

• plays large role in memory and learning
• limbic lobe

Question 26

hippocampus

functions? lobe?

Answer 26

• memory
• lies deep within parahippocampal gyrus
• limbic lobe

Question 27

occipitotemporal gyri

functions?

Answer 27

• assists with processing of color information
• face/body recognition
• word recognition

Question 28

uncus

functions? lobe?

Answer 28

• role in charged behaviors
• structure can herniate through tentorial notch with high ICP
• limbic lobe

Question 29

amygdala

functions? lobe?

Answer 29

• lies deep within uncus
• involved with emotional memories
• structure can herniate through tentorial notch with high ICP
• limbic lobe

Question 30

subcallosal area

functions? lobe?

Answer 30

• associated with mood and affective behaviors
• limbic lobe

Question 31

central sulcus

Answer 31

divides frontal and parietal lobe

Question 32

lateral sulcus

Answer 32

divides frontal and temporal lobe

Question 33

parietal-occipital line

Answer 33

imaginary line between pre-occipital notch and superior aspect of parietal-occipital sulcus

Question 34

cingulate sulcus

Answer 34

yellow → marginal branch of cingulate sulcus

Question 35

parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 35

Question 36

calcarine sulcus

Answer 36

Question 37

isthmus of cingulate gyrus

Answer 37

Question 38

parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 38