Lab 8: Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called the
F1 generation
What is the appearance of a particular trait called?
phenotype
What is the genetic composition of an organism called?
genotype
When the same pair of alleles composes a trait
homozygous
Who is known as the ‘founder’ of genetics?
Mendel
What is the P generation?
The first set of parents crossed
What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios?
Chi-square analysis (χ2)
What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?
Diploid number (2n)
What are autosomes?
Chromosomes 1-22
Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?
no
The study of variation and heredity
genetics
who revealed the structure of DNA as a double-helical molecule
watson and crick
The experimental model for Mendel’s work involved performing cross-pollination experiments with a strain of
garden peas called
pisum sativum
individuals with
one pair of contrasting traits for a given character are mated.
a monohybrid cross.
“units of inheritance.”
genes
that alternative forms of a gene that are responsible for variations in inherited characters
alleles
are always expressed in the appearance of an organism
dominant alleles
sometimes hidden or masked in the appearance of an organism
recessive alleles
an organism that contains two different alleles for a trait is
heterozygous
Mendel also postulated that
when an organism contains a pair of units, the units separate, or segregate, during gamete formation so that each individual
gamete produced receives only one unit of the pair. This postulate became known as
law of segregation of alleles.
flowers. The first offspring produced from such a cross, called the
F1 generation
Self-pollination of F, plants produced a second generation of plants called the
F2 generation
that alleles for different
characters (for example, pea color and pea shape) segregate into gametes independently of each other.
law of independent assortment
these cells contain diploid number of chromosomes
somatic cells
what number of chromosomes are called autosomes
Chromosomes 1-22
what number of chromosomes are called sex chromosomes
Chromosomes 23
genes that are located on different chromosomes
unlinked genes
has been one of the most well-studied model organisms for learning about genetics and embryo development
Drosophila
