Lab 6: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
does fermentation generate energy?
yes
which yields more ATP aerobic or anaerobic respiration
aerobic respiration
at which stages of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP produced?
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Chemiosmosis
what is Glycolysis’s substrate
glucose
what is the Kreb’s Cycle substrate
pyruvic acid
or
pyruvate
what is the ETC’s substrate
electrons
Only glucose can be broken down to generate ATP.
T/F
False
The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is?
Cellular Respiration
In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________.
cytoplasm
in eukaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________.
mitochondria
How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration?
36-38
Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to what?
lack of ETC proteins, oxygen, and enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals
Name the two types of peas that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab.
dormant peas and germinating peas
is the process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Cellular respiration
what can be broken down to produce ATP
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids.
is used as a model of cellular respiration
glucose
glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid in a series of enzymatic
reactions collectively referred to as
glycolysis
what does glycolysis produce
2 net ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvic acids
they remain in the cytosol and get partially oxidized during an anaerobic process known as
fermentation
cells, pyruvate are
then either shuttled into the matrix of the mitochondria to be further broken down via
aerobic respiration
Pyruvate is systematically oxidized during what?
Kreb Cycle
what does the Kreb Cycle generate?
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH
Following the Kreb’s cycle, electrons from NAH and FADH, are subsequently donated to
electron transport chain (ETC)
where is the (etc) located
inner mitochondrial membrane
where is the (etc) located for bacteria
plasma membrane
how is energy released through the ETC
As electrons are passed between increasingly more electronegative electron carriers the energy is released
what does the energy generated from the ETC do?
create a H gradient
The H+ ions present between the two mitochondrial membranes
following electron movement through the ETC are allowed to diffuse back down their concentration gradient through an
enzyme complex found in the inner mitochondrial membrane (or bacterial plasma membrane) known as
ATP synthase
what happens after the electrons reach the end of the ETC
accepted by oxygen forming the water and then ATP synthase
The flow of H+ ions through ATP synthase, known as
chemiosmosis
how much ATP is generated through chemiosmosis
30
what are some reasons that species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor
due to the lack oxygen, enzymes, or certain ETC proteins.
organisms that lack oxygen rely on what to produce extra ATP
anaerobic cellular respiration pathways
Steps of anaerobic respiration
glycolysis
kreb cycle
in the etc the electrons are passed from one receptors to the next and are diverted to something other then oxygen at the end
what leads to less ATP in anaerobic respiration
Less electron movement causes less H+ ion transport
how much ATP does anaerobic respiration yield?
20-30
how much energy is harvested via fermentation
5%
what is a substitute for the ETC
fermentation
is used in the production of milk, yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles, and soy sauce.
lactic acid fermentation
is used in the production of beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages and it is what
helps make bread rise
alcohol fermentation
