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Organismic Biology Lab > Lab 8 - Early Chordates & Fishes > Flashcards

Lab 8 - Early Chordates & Fishes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two subphylum of early chordates?

A

Urochordata and Cephalochordata

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2
Q

What are the two superclasses of fish?

A

Agnatha and gnathostomata

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3
Q

What subphylum are fish in?

A

Vertebrata

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4
Q

What are the fish classes that are extinct?

A

Ostracoderms and placoderms

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5
Q

What are the classes of agnatha?

A

Myxini and petromyzontida

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6
Q

What are the classes of gnathostomata?

A

Chondrichthyes, actinopterygii, and sacropterygii

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the superclass agnatha?

A

Jawless fish

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8
Q

Do gnathostomata have jaws or nah?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What kind of fish are chondrichthyes and give examples.

A

Cartilaginous fishes (sharks, skates, rays)

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10
Q

What kind of fish are actinopterygii and give some examples.

A

Bony fishes (most other fishes, not sharks/skates/rays)

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11
Q

What kind of fish are sacropterygii and give some examples.

A

Lobe-finned fishes (sister to all tetrapods)

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12
Q

What are fish?

A

A polyphyletic group of mostly aquatic organism

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13
Q

Fish evolution - what supporting structures did fish evolve?

A

Paired appendages

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14
Q

What level of organization do fish have?

A

organ-system level

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15
Q

How many germ layers do fish have?

A

3 - triploblastic

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16
Q

Are fish deuterostomes or protostomes?

A

deuterostomes

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17
Q

What kind of symmetry do fish have?

A

bilateral

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18
Q

What kind of body cavity do fish have?

A

Coelom

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19
Q

What kind of support system do fish have?

A

living endoskeleton - skeleton grows with them

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20
Q

What are shark and ray skeletons made of?

A

cartilage

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21
Q

What type of fish have a bony skeleton?

A

Ray-finned fish

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22
Q

What upgrade do fish have for respiration?

A

Counter-current gas exchange

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23
Q

How do fish reproduce?

A

Sexually, although some reproduce asexually

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24
Q

What are the three reproductive strategies?

A

Oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparity

25
Q

What is oviparity?

A

The eggs are laid

26
Q

What is ovoviviparity?

A

internal fertilization , embryo receives nutrients from egg, born live

27
Q

What is viviparity?

A

internal fertilization, embryo receives nutrients directly from the mother, born live

28
Q

What kind of egg do fish produce?

A

Anamniotic egg

29
Q

What is an anamniotic egg?

A

Laid in water, permeable, gas exchange

30
Q

What kind of sensory structures do fish have?

A

Central nervous system, otoliths, lateral lines, eyes, olfactory system (nares)

31
Q

What do otoliths do for fish?

A

For hearing

32
Q

What do lateral lines do for fish?

A

Detect vibrations in the water

33
Q

What kind of digestion do fish have?

A

Complete

34
Q

What help fish with locomotion?

A

Paired fins, specialized organs for buoyancy fins, specialized organs for buoyancy

35
Q

What do fish use paired fins for?

A

Stability and movement

36
Q

What do fish use swim bladders for?

A

Buoyancy

37
Q

How do sharks regulate buoyancy?

A

with their livers

38
Q

What do fish excrete?

A

ammonia (needs to be diluted with lots of water - highly toxic but doesn’t require a lot to energy to produce)

39
Q

What organisms are found in the subphylum cephalochordata?

A

Lancelets

40
Q

How do cephalochordata respire?

A

Gills

41
Q

What is apart of a cephalochordata’s nervous system?

A

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

42
Q

What kind of support does a cephalochordata have?

A

endoskeleton

43
Q

What kind of support does a cephalochordata have?

A

endoskeleton

44
Q

How do cephalochordata reproduce?

A

external fertilization - dioecious

45
Q

How do cephalochordata get food?

A

Filter feeding

46
Q

What kind of heart does a cephalochordata have?

A

Ventral heart

47
Q

Do cephalochordata have all five chordata characteristics?

A

yes

48
Q

What kind of organisms are found in subphylum urochordata?

A

Tunicates

49
Q

Are urochordata motile or sessile?

A

sessile

50
Q

What is apart of a urochordata’s nervous system?

A

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

51
Q

What kind of support does a urochordata have?

A

nonliving ‘skeleton’ that contains cellulose

52
Q

How do urochordata reproduce?

A

internal and external fertilization, dioecious

53
Q

How do urochordata digest?

A

filter feeding

54
Q

What kind of circulation do urochordata have?

A

open

55
Q

How do urochordata respire?

A

gills

56
Q

Do urochordata have all five chordate characteristics?

A

larva do, adults lack a tail, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and notochord

57
Q

What are the five characteristics of chordates?

A

Dorsal, hollow nerve cord; post-anal tail; notochord; pharyngeal gill slits; endostyle

58
Q

What are some structures unique to fish that allow them to live in aquatic environments/

A

gills w/ counter-current exchange; swim bladders; protrusible jaws; a fine-tuned excretory system

59
Q

How does counter-current exchange work?

A

blood flow goes against the H2O flow

Organismic Biology Lab (16 decks)

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