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Organismic Biology Lab > Lab 10 - Amphibians and Reptiles > Flashcards

Lab 10 - Amphibians and Reptiles Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of symmetry do amphibians have?

A

bilateral

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2
Q

Are amphibians protostomes or deuterostomes?

A

Deuterostomes

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3
Q

What level of organization are amphibians?

A

organ-system

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4
Q

How many germ layers do amphibians have?

A

3 - triploblastic

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5
Q

What kind of body cavity do amphibians have?

A

Coelom

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6
Q

What kind of skeleton do amphibians have?

A

living endoskeleton

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7
Q

Amphibians are ectothermic, this means?

A

regulate internal body temp via behavioral mechanisms

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8
Q

What level of hierarchy is ‘Amphibia’

A

Class, it is under phylum chordata and subphylum vertebrata

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9
Q

What are the orders under class amphibia?

A

Order urodela, order anura, and order gymnophiona

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10
Q

What kind of organisms are in the order urodela?

A

class amphibians - salamanders

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11
Q

What kind of organisms are in the order anura?

A

class amphibians - frogs and toads

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12
Q

What kind of organisms are in the order gymnophiona?

A

class amphibians - caecilians

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13
Q

How do amphibians reproduce?

A

sexual, dioecious, external and internal fertilization

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14
Q

What do you call the frog courtship embrace that occurs during reproduction?

A

Amplexus (external)

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15
Q

What kind of eggs do amphibians lay?

A

anamniotic

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16
Q

Amphibians - locomotion

A

pairs of muscles - antagonistic muscles

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17
Q

Can muscles both extend and contract?

A

they can only contract

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18
Q

What kind of circulatory system do amphibians have?

A

closed (blood is contained within the vessels)

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19
Q

How many chambers in the heart do amphibians have?

A

3 trois

20
Q

What kind of digestion do amphibians have?

A

complete

21
Q

How do amphibians excrete and what do they excrete?

A

kidney (made of nephrons) filter the blood and exits via the cloaca - they excrete urea

22
Q

What does the cloaca do for amphibians?

A

urinary, genital, and intestinal opening

23
Q

What are the three types of nitrogenous waste? How much energy is used to produce it and how toxic is it?

A

Ammonia, Urea, and uric acid
Ammonia - no energy needed, highly toxic
Urea - moderate energy needed, low in toxicity
Uric acid - high energy needed, low in toxicity

24
Q

How do amphibians respire?

A

adults: lungs and through skin
juveniles: gills and through skin

25
Q

What kind of nervous system do amphibians have?

A

cephalization, well-developed senses

26
Q

What do amphibians use for hearing?

A

tympanum

27
Q

What is neoteny?

A

larval characteristics still present in the mature organisms

28
Q

What kind of symmetry do reptiles have?

A

bilateral

29
Q

Are reptiles deuterostomes or protostomes?

A

deuterostomes

30
Q

What kind of support do reptiles have?

A

living endoskeleton

31
Q

What is the difference between anapsid and diapsid skulls?

A

anapsid - no temporal opening, found in extinct animals
diapsid - two temporal openings, all living retiles

32
Q

How do reptiles reproduce?

A

sexual, dioecious, internal fertilization

33
Q

What kind of egg do reptiles lay?

A

amniotic

34
Q

What are the 5 parts of an amniotic egg and what do they do?

A

Shell: water loss
chorion: gas exchange
allantois: stores metabolic waste
amnion: cushion for embryo
yolk sac: nutrients

35
Q

What kind of circulation do reptiles have?

A

closed

36
Q

How many chambers of the heart do reptiles have?

A

3 (with septa)

37
Q

How do reptiles excrete and what do they excrete?

A

via kidneys, they excrete uric acid

38
Q

Reptiles are ectotherms which means

A

they regulate their body temperature via behaviors

39
Q

Reptiles - locomotion

A

similar to mammals w/ four legs unless they are snakes - snakes slither

40
Q

Reptiles - locomotion

A

similar to mammals w/ four legs unless they are snakes - snakes slither

41
Q

What are the orders under the class reptiles?

A

sphenodontidae, squamata, crocodilia, testudines

42
Q

What kind of organisms are in the order sphenodontidae?

A

tuatara - only one species and they are extremely threatened

43
Q

What organisms are in the order squamata?

A

snakes and lizards - most diverse group of reptiles, evolution of venom in multiple groups

44
Q

What kind of organisms are in the order crocodilia?

A

alligators, crocodiles, caimans, gharials - 4 chamber heart

45
Q

What kind of organisms are in the order testudines?

A

turtles and tortoises - secondarily lost temporal openings but still diapsid, shell consists of dorsal carapace and ventral plastron

Organismic Biology Lab (16 decks)

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