Lab 10 - Amphibians and Reptiles

Question 1

What kind of symmetry do amphibians have?

Answer 1

bilateral

Question 2

Are amphibians protostomes or deuterostomes?

Answer 2

Deuterostomes

Question 3

What level of organization are amphibians?

Answer 3

organ-system

Question 4

How many germ layers do amphibians have?

Answer 4

3 - triploblastic

Question 5

What kind of body cavity do amphibians have?

Answer 5

Coelom

Question 6

What kind of skeleton do amphibians have?

Answer 6

living endoskeleton

Question 7

Amphibians are ectothermic, this means?

Answer 7

regulate internal body temp via behavioral mechanisms

Question 8

What level of hierarchy is ‘Amphibia’

Answer 8

Class, it is under phylum chordata and subphylum vertebrata

Question 9

What are the orders under class amphibia?

Answer 9

Order urodela, order anura, and order gymnophiona

Question 10

What kind of organisms are in the order urodela?

Answer 10

class amphibians - salamanders

Question 11

What kind of organisms are in the order anura?

Answer 11

class amphibians - frogs and toads

Question 12

What kind of organisms are in the order gymnophiona?

Answer 12

class amphibians - caecilians

Question 13

How do amphibians reproduce?

Answer 13

sexual, dioecious, external and internal fertilization

Question 14

What do you call the frog courtship embrace that occurs during reproduction?

Answer 14

Amplexus (external)

Question 15

What kind of eggs do amphibians lay?

Answer 15

anamniotic

Question 16

Amphibians - locomotion

Answer 16

pairs of muscles - antagonistic muscles

Question 17

Can muscles both extend and contract?

Answer 17

they can only contract

Question 18

What kind of circulatory system do amphibians have?

Answer 18

closed (blood is contained within the vessels)

Question 19

How many chambers in the heart do amphibians have?

Answer 19

3 trois

Question 20

What kind of digestion do amphibians have?

Answer 20

complete

Question 21

How do amphibians excrete and what do they excrete?

Answer 21

kidney (made of nephrons) filter the blood and exits via the cloaca - they excrete urea

Question 22

What does the cloaca do for amphibians?

Answer 22

urinary, genital, and intestinal opening

Question 23

What are the three types of nitrogenous waste? How much energy is used to produce it and how toxic is it?

Answer 23

Ammonia, Urea, and uric acid
Ammonia - no energy needed, highly toxic
Urea - moderate energy needed, low in toxicity
Uric acid - high energy needed, low in toxicity

Question 24

How do amphibians respire?

Answer 24

adults: lungs and through skin
juveniles: gills and through skin

Question 25

What kind of nervous system do amphibians have?

Answer 25

cephalization, well-developed senses

Question 26

What do amphibians use for hearing?

Answer 26

tympanum

Question 27

What is neoteny?

Answer 27

larval characteristics still present in the mature organisms

Question 28

What kind of symmetry do reptiles have?

Answer 28

bilateral

Question 29

Are reptiles deuterostomes or protostomes?

Answer 29

deuterostomes

Question 30

What kind of support do reptiles have?

Answer 30

living endoskeleton

Question 31

What is the difference between anapsid and diapsid skulls?

Answer 31

anapsid - no temporal opening, found in extinct animals diapsid - two temporal openings, all living retiles

Question 32

How do reptiles reproduce?

Answer 32

sexual, dioecious, internal fertilization

Question 33

What kind of egg do reptiles lay?

Answer 33

amniotic

Question 34

What are the 5 parts of an amniotic egg and what do they do?

Answer 34

Shell: water loss chorion: gas exchange allantois: stores metabolic waste amnion: cushion for embryo yolk sac: nutrients

Question 35

What kind of circulation do reptiles have?

Answer 35

closed

Question 36

How many chambers of the heart do reptiles have?

Answer 36

3 (with septa)

Question 37

How do reptiles excrete and what do they excrete?

Answer 37

via kidneys, they excrete uric acid

Question 38

Reptiles are ectotherms which means

Answer 38

they regulate their body temperature via behaviors

Question 39

Reptiles - locomotion

Answer 39

similar to mammals w/ four legs unless they are snakes - snakes slither

Question 40

Reptiles - locomotion

Answer 40

similar to mammals w/ four legs unless they are snakes - snakes slither

Question 41

What are the orders under the class reptiles?

Answer 41

sphenodontidae, squamata, crocodilia, testudines

Question 42

What kind of organisms are in the order sphenodontidae?

Answer 42

tuatara - only one species and they are extremely threatened

Question 43

What organisms are in the order squamata?

Answer 43

snakes and lizards - most diverse group of reptiles, evolution of venom in multiple groups

Question 44

What kind of organisms are in the order crocodilia?

Answer 44

alligators, crocodiles, caimans, gharials - 4 chamber heart

Question 45

What kind of organisms are in the order testudines?

Answer 45

turtles and tortoises - secondarily lost temporal openings but still diapsid, shell consists of dorsal carapace and ventral plastron