Lab 10 - Amphibians and Reptiles Flashcards
What kind of symmetry do amphibians have?
bilateral
Are amphibians protostomes or deuterostomes?
Deuterostomes
What level of organization are amphibians?
organ-system
How many germ layers do amphibians have?
3 - triploblastic
What kind of body cavity do amphibians have?
Coelom
What kind of skeleton do amphibians have?
living endoskeleton
Amphibians are ectothermic, this means?
regulate internal body temp via behavioral mechanisms
What level of hierarchy is ‘Amphibia’
Class, it is under phylum chordata and subphylum vertebrata
What are the orders under class amphibia?
Order urodela, order anura, and order gymnophiona
What kind of organisms are in the order urodela?
class amphibians - salamanders
What kind of organisms are in the order anura?
class amphibians - frogs and toads
What kind of organisms are in the order gymnophiona?
class amphibians - caecilians
How do amphibians reproduce?
sexual, dioecious, external and internal fertilization
What do you call the frog courtship embrace that occurs during reproduction?
Amplexus (external)
What kind of eggs do amphibians lay?
anamniotic
Amphibians - locomotion
pairs of muscles - antagonistic muscles
Can muscles both extend and contract?
they can only contract
What kind of circulatory system do amphibians have?
closed (blood is contained within the vessels)
How many chambers in the heart do amphibians have?
3 trois
What kind of digestion do amphibians have?
complete
How do amphibians excrete and what do they excrete?
kidney (made of nephrons) filter the blood and exits via the cloaca - they excrete urea
What does the cloaca do for amphibians?
urinary, genital, and intestinal opening
What are the three types of nitrogenous waste? How much energy is used to produce it and how toxic is it?
Ammonia, Urea, and uric acid
Ammonia - no energy needed, highly toxic
Urea - moderate energy needed, low in toxicity
Uric acid - high energy needed, low in toxicity
How do amphibians respire?
adults: lungs and through skin
juveniles: gills and through skin
What kind of nervous system do amphibians have?
cephalization, well-developed senses
What do amphibians use for hearing?
tympanum
What is neoteny?
larval characteristics still present in the mature organisms
What kind of symmetry do reptiles have?
bilateral
Are reptiles deuterostomes or protostomes?
deuterostomes
What kind of support do reptiles have?
living endoskeleton
What is the difference between anapsid and diapsid skulls?
anapsid - no temporal opening, found in extinct animals
diapsid - two temporal openings, all living retiles
How do reptiles reproduce?
sexual, dioecious, internal fertilization
What kind of egg do reptiles lay?
amniotic
What are the 5 parts of an amniotic egg and what do they do?
Shell: water loss
chorion: gas exchange
allantois: stores metabolic waste
amnion: cushion for embryo
yolk sac: nutrients
What kind of circulation do reptiles have?
closed
How many chambers of the heart do reptiles have?
3 (with septa)
How do reptiles excrete and what do they excrete?
via kidneys, they excrete uric acid
Reptiles are ectotherms which means
they regulate their body temperature via behaviors
Reptiles - locomotion
similar to mammals w/ four legs unless they are snakes - snakes slither
Reptiles - locomotion
similar to mammals w/ four legs unless they are snakes - snakes slither
What are the orders under the class reptiles?
sphenodontidae, squamata, crocodilia, testudines
What kind of organisms are in the order sphenodontidae?
tuatara - only one species and they are extremely threatened
What organisms are in the order squamata?
snakes and lizards - most diverse group of reptiles, evolution of venom in multiple groups
What kind of organisms are in the order crocodilia?
alligators, crocodiles, caimans, gharials - 4 chamber heart
What kind of organisms are in the order testudines?
turtles and tortoises - secondarily lost temporal openings but still diapsid, shell consists of dorsal carapace and ventral plastron
