Lab 12 - Cells and Endosymbiosis Flashcards
Which of the three in the tree of life are more closely related?
Archaea and Eukaryota
Characteristics of prokaryotes
cell wall, lipid bilayer plasma membrane, autotrophs and heterotrophs, no nucleus/nuclear envelopes, circular DNA, no membrane-bound organelles
Characteristics of eukaryotic cells
nucleus, more complex DNA, membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton, larger size than prokaryotes
WHat phylum of bacteria are photosynthetic?
Cyanobacteria
Heterocysts
specialized N2-fixing cells in an O2-free environment
Akinetes
enveloped, thick-walled, non-motile, dormant cells that can resist cold temps
What do plants cells have that animals cells do not?
chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole
What is primary endosymbiosis?
eukaryotic precursor ingests cyanobacterium and/or aerobic bacterium
What is secondary endosymbiosis?
additional acquisition of red/green algae into eukaryotic cells
What is tertiary endosymbiosis?
eukaryotes engulf another eukaryote
Compare and contrast - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Pro: cell wall, capsule, circular DNA, nucleoid
Eukaryotes: membrane-bound, cell-wall, mitochondria, DNA in nucleus, chloroplasts (some), cytoskeleton
Both: cytoplasm, plasma-membrane, autotrophy, heterotrophy, ribosomes DNA
Heterocysts and akinetes are great examples of what?
multicellularity and division of labor
What are some pieces of evidence for endosymbiosis theory?
similar bizes between mitochondria/chloroplasts and present day prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts aren’t made by the cells they inhabit, genetic data
What type of prokaryote led to the present-day chloroplast?
a cyanobacterium - photosynthetic capabilities
