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Organismic Biology Lab > Lab 1 - Taxonomy and Phylogeny > Flashcards

Lab 1 - Taxonomy and Phylogeny Flashcards

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1
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Science of classifying and naming organisms

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2
Q

What are the taxonomic classifications?

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

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3
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

Genus + Species

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4
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

rules and systems used to name taxa

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5
Q

What are taxa?

A

Groups of organisms

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6
Q

What is a phylogeny?

A

a hypothesis of reconstructing ancestral relationships

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7
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate difference, which forms a new species

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8
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

when different species have similar features due to adaptations to similar environments

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9
Q

What is the difference between divergent and convergent evolution?

A

A common ancestor evolves into new species - divergent
Different species have similar traits due to adapting to similar environments - convergent

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10
Q

What are some examples of divergent evolution?

A

The evolution of different finches with different beaks from a common ancestor

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11
Q

What are some examples of convergent evolution?

A

The wings of bats, birds, and insects

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12
Q

What are derived characteristics?

A

Traits found in an organism that aren’t found in a common ancestor

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13
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

a way of showing evolutionary relationships

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14
Q

What is a node on a phylogenetic tree?

A

represent common ancestors

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15
Q

Can branches be rotated around nodes?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is systematics?

A

involves both taxonomy and phylogeny

17
Q

What is a basal character?

A

similar structures of two organism shared due to their common ancestry

18
Q

What is a monophyletic group?

A

contains all organisms descending from a common ancestor

19
Q

What is polyphyletic group?

A

doesn’t contain all surviving organisms descending from a common ancestor

20
Q

What is an outgroup of a phylogenetic trees?

A

most distantly related taxon of a phylogeny

21
Q

What is a homology?

A

similarity due to sharing a common ancestor

22
Q

What is a parsimony?

A

the simplest possible explanation is the most viable

23
Q

A fish and a dolphin both have fins. What evolution is this an example of?

A

Convergent evolution

24
Q

Mammals have fur or hair, but no other animals do. What kind of character is this?

A

Derived character

Organismic Biology Lab (16 decks)

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