Lab 11 - Mammals

Question 1

What level on the hierarchy is ‘mammals’?

Answer 1

class

Question 2

What infraclasses and orders are under the class mammals?

Answer 2

infraclass prototheria - order monotremata
infraclass metatheria - order diprotodontia
infraclass eutheria - order rodentia, order chiroptera, order primates, order carnivora, order artiodactyla

Question 3

What are characteristics of mammals?

Answer 3

hair, endothermy (internal heat), specialized teeth, milk production

Question 4

What is unique to a mammals respiratory system?

Answer 4

diaphragm - controls the lungs, bidirectional air flow, alveoli - small air sac which increase the surface area

Question 5

What is the nervous system of a mammal like?

Answer 5

2 parts of the nervous system - central and peripheral, cephalization, large brain and complex system, pinnae, vibrissae, external nares

Question 6

What are pinnae?

Answer 6

external ears used for hearing - unique to mammals

Question 7

What are vibrissae?

Answer 7

whiskers - used for touch

Question 8

What kind of skull do mammals have?

Answer 8

synapsid skull - one pair of temporal openings

Question 9

How is the mammal skeleton divdied?

Answer 9

axial and appendicular

Question 10

What is the soft palate?

Answer 10

allows the organism to breath while chewing, can move to make complex sounds, can block the oral/nasal cavity

Question 11

What kind of circulation do mammals have?

Answer 11

closed

Question 12

How many chambers of the heart do mammals have?

Answer 12

4 chambered heart

Question 13

What does the septum of the heart do?

Answer 13

full separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 14

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 14

glands that produce various substances

Question 15

Endocrine system - mammary glands

Answer 15

produce milk

Question 16

Endocrine system - sweat glands

Answer 16

aid in thermoregulation

Question 17

Endocrine system - scent glands

Answer 17

aid in communication and reproduction

Question 18

What kind of digestion system do mammals have?

Answer 18

complete

Question 19

What are some unique digestive structures?

Answer 19

cecum, rumen

Question 20

What is the cecum?

Answer 20

a unique digestive structure that contains bacteria to digest plant material

Question 21

What is the rumen?

Answer 21

a unique digestive structure found in ruminants that breaks down plant material

Question 22

How do mammals excrete and what do they excrete?

Answer 22

kidneys, waste - urea

Question 23

What minimizes water loss in mammal excretion?

Answer 23

countercurrent exchange between urine and blood

Question 24

Ho do mammals reproduce?

Answer 24

sexual, dioecious, internal fertilization

Question 25

What kind of egg do mammals have?

Answer 25

amniotic eggs

Question 26

Development of offspring differing among infraclasses

Answer 26

monotremes (protheria) - lay eggs
marsupials (metatheria) - short generation period, young born at early stage
placental mammals (eutherians) - longer generation and presence of a placenta

Question 27

What is a placenta?

Answer 27

direct connection of the circulatory system of the mother and the developing embryo