Lab 8- Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of intercalated discs?

A

Type of gap junction

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2
Q

Heart wall

A
  1. Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
  2. Myocardium (muscle)
  3. Endocardium (facing ventricles)
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3
Q

Describe the position of the valves when the ventricles re relaxed and when they are contracted.

A

Relaxed- AV valved open, semilunar are closed

Contracted- Semilunar open, AV are closed

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4
Q

Systole

A

Contraction

-atrial systole happens first

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5
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation

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6
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

P wave to P wave

-when the heart goes through full systole and diastole

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7
Q

S1 (lubb)

A

AV valves closing

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8
Q

S2 (dubb)

A

Semi lunar valves closing

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9
Q

How much time does one little box represent?

A

0.04s

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10
Q

Hw much time does one large box (5 little) represent?

A

0.20s

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11
Q

How many little boxes equal 1 second?

A

25 little boxes

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12
Q

What voltage is represented by one little box?

A

.10mV/small box

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13
Q

How many little boxes equal 1mV?

A

10

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14
Q

What do P waves represent?
Normal duration?
normal amplitude?
Cause of abnormalities?

A

atrial depolarization

  • <0.12s
  • 0.05 to 0.25mV
  • mitral valve stenosis or pulmonary hypertension
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15
Q

What does the PQ segment represent?

A

between end of P start of Q

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16
Q

What does PR segment represent?

normal duration?

A

include a wave, atrial systole and depolarization.

- 0.12 to 0.20s

17
Q

What does QRS segment represent?

normal duration?

A

ventricle depolarization

- 0.06 to 0.12s

18
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A

between waves, end of S and start of T, when ventricles are fully contracted.

19
Q

What do T waves represent?

A

ventricle repolorization

20
Q

What does the ST interval represent?

A

ventricle contraction and repolarization.

21
Q

What does the Q-T interval represent?

A

ventricle systole and diastole

22
Q

Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

A

75 bpm

23
Q

Sinus Tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm

24
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

25
Q

Artifact occurs when something causes sorption in monitoring.
Some common causes are:

A
  • movement
  • muscle tremors
  • respiratory movements
  • loose electrode
  • broken lead wire
26
Q

What causes atrial fibrillation?

A

something wrong with SA node

27
Q

What causes PVC’s?

A

extra abnormal heart beats that begin in ventricles.

28
Q

What causes 3rd degree or complete heart block?

A

Only P waves are working, conductive pathway to ventricles not working.

29
Q

What is the relationship between the P wave and QRS?

A

not synchronized

30
Q

How is 3rd degree block determined on EKG?

A

A PR interval greater than 20ms

31
Q

What causes ventricular tachycardia?

A

stress, drugs, heart disease.

32
Q

What causes ventricular fibrillation?

A

CAD (coronary artery disease), high potassium, fibrosis.

33
Q

What does ST segment elevation indicate?

A

myocardial infarction

34
Q

What does an inverted T wave indicate?

A

coronary ascemia, left ventricle hypertrophy

35
Q

What do Q waves indicate?

A

depolarization of intraventricular septum