Lab 3- General Senses Flashcards
Nociceptor
- Pain receptors
- Sensation produce in pain
Thermoreceptor
- Temperature receptors
- Free nerve endings
Chemoreceptor
- Detect small changes in the concentration of specific chemicals or compounds.
- Taste, smell, and changes in body fluid chemistry.
Mechanoreceptors
Sensitive to stimuli that distort their cell membrane.
- Tactile
- Baroreceptors
- Proprioceptors
Tactile Receptor
Touch, pressure, vibration.
free nerve endings, root hair plexus, tactile discs, tactical corpuscles, lamellate corpuscles
Baroreceptor
Detect pressure changes in walls of blood vessels and portions of digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts.
Proprioceptor
- Monitor the positions of joints and muscles.
- Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs. (GTO)
Photoreceptor
Sensitive to light rays
Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle
Detects: deep touch/vibrations
deeper into dermis
Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle
Light touch
more superficial found in dermal papillae close to epidermis
Cornea
Focus light (refraction) 3 layers:
Sclera
- white of eye
- shape and support
Iris
change shape of pupil (color portion)
Ciliary body
Secrete aqueous humer/changes shape of lens
suspensory ligaments
Attach lens to ciliary process
Choroid
- pink layer below sclera
- Blood vessels move through it
Pupil
hole in center
Lens
changes shape with light which alters refraction.
Fovea centralis
all light rays land (cones)
Optic disc
- responsible for blind spot (no photoreceptors)
- optic nerve exiting back of eye ball
Optic nerve
- CN 2
- extends from eyeball to brain
Anterior chamber
between cornea and iris
Posterior chamber
between iris and lens
Aqueous humor
ciliary processes of ciliary body
Vitreous humor
- jelly
- maintains shape of eyeball
Conjunctiva
- transparent mucous membrane lines eyeball and covers anterior surface of eyeball except cornea.
- highly vascular (heals quickly)
Superior oblique
- Rotates eye medially
- trochlea: ligament sling
- innervation: CN IV
Superior rectus
- moves eye toward medially and superiorly
- innervation: CN III
Lateral rectus
- moves eye away from the nose
- CN VI
Medial rectus
- moves eye toward medially
- CN III
Inferior oblique
- moves eye laterally and superior
- CN IV
Inferior rectus
- moves eye inferiorly (secondarily moves eye laterally)
- CN III
Pupillary constrictor muscles
circular
Pupillary dilator muscles
radial
The_____ division of the ANS regulates pupil constriction.
parasympathetic
The _____ division of the ANS regulates pupil dilation.
sympathetic
Name 2 things that cause the pupil to constrict.
- light
- looking near
Name 2 things that cause the pupil to dilate.
- dim light
- looking far
Refraction
Beinding of light rays
Focal point
specific point of intersection on the retina
Focal distance
-2 factors:
between center of lens and focal point.
- distance from the object to the lens
- shape of lens
when focusing on near objects, the lens becomes_______.
More round (convex)
When focusing on far off objects, the lens becomes______.
More flat (concave)
Accommodation
adjustment of lens so focal point is always on the lens.
near objects the lens becomes _______.
rounder
far objects, the lens becomes ________.
Flat
Emmetropia
Normal vision
-image will be focused on retinas surface.
Myopia
nearsighted
- eyeball is too deep or curvature of lens is too great.
- focal point is in front of retina, so distance objects are blurry.
What type of lens can fix myopia?
Diverging lens
Hyperopia
Far sighted
- focal point is behind retina, so near objects are blurry.
- eye ball is too deep or curvature of lens is too great.
What type of lens can fix hyperopia?
Converging lens
Astigmatism
- degree of curvature in cornea or lens varies from one axis to another (cornea surface way)
- causes light to focus on more than one are retina. (parts of image out of focus)
