Lab 6- Endocrine System on Glucometer Exercise Flashcards
Hypothalamus
Releasing hormones
Anterior pituitary
(more red, blood vessels)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Growth hormone
- Prolactin
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Luteinizing hormone
Posterior pituitary
(axons are myelinated, its fat)
- Antidiuretic hormone
- Oxytocin
Thyroid gland
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Calcitonin
Parathyroid glands
-Parathyroid hormone
Thymus
-Thymosin*
Pancreas
- Insulin
- Glucagon
Adrenal glands
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- Aldosterone
- Androgens
Pineal gland
-Melatonin
Kidney
- Erythropoietin
- Calcitriol
Heart
-Atrial naturetic peptide*
Digestive tract
-Digestive regulatory hormones*
Ovaries
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Inhibin
Testes
- Testosterone
- Inhibin
ACTH
(adrenocorticotropic hormone)
-regulates the activity of the cortex of the adrenal gland.
TSH
(thyroid-stimulating hormone)
-stimulates production and release of thyroid hormones.
GH
(growth hormone)
- stimulates growth of bones, cartilage, muscle.
- timing and amount released determines body size.
PRL
(prolactin)
- stimulates breast development.
- promotes and maintains lactation after childbirth.
FSH
(follicle-stimulating hormone)
- causes formation of ovarian follicles and stimulates them to produce estrogen.
- stimulates sperm development in men.
LH
(luteinizing)
- initiates ovulation, maintains corpus luteum.
- regulates testosterone production in males.
ADH
(antidiuretic)
- A.K.A: vasopressin
- reduces urine output and sweating
- increases water reabsorption in kidneys.
- resulting in increase in blood pressure.
Oxytocin
(OT)
- causes uterine contraction in labor
- causes milk let down in lactating mothers
Thyroid hormones
Increase: respiratory rate, rate and strength of heart contraction, appetite, breakdown of cars, fats and proteins for fuel, alertness and reflexes.
Calcitonin
stimulates bone deposition, mainly in children.
PTH
(parathyroid hormone)
- raises blood calcium levels
- inhibits reabsorption of phosphate
Insulin
- stimulates glucose and amino acids uptake
- lowers blood glucose levels; promotes glucagon and fat breakdown, fat and protein synthesis.
Glucagon
stimulates glycogenolysis; glucogen and fat breakdown; raises blood glucose and fatty acid levels.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
adrenal medulla
promotes laterness, mobilizes organic fuels, raises metabolic rate, increases blood glucose levels.
Cortisol (adrenal cortex: zona fasciculata)
stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance, and tissue repair.
Aldosterone (adrenal cortex: zona glomerulosa)
promotes Na+ and water retention and K+ excretion; maintains blood pressure and volume.
Melatonin
- sleep cycle
- mood and sexual maturation
Erythropoietin
- promotes red blood cell production
- increase oxygen- carrying capacity of blood.
Calcitrol
increase blood calcium level mainly by promoting intestinal absorption of Ca2+
Calcitrol
increase blood calcium level mainly by promoting intestinal absorption of Ca2+
How many grams of sugar (fructose) are in one small bottle of juice?
30-45g
Why weren’t the two fasting students blood sugars lower than the non fasting students before drinking the juice?
glucadon secreted by the pancreas targets liver causing glycolysis.
What pancreatic hormone prevented hypoglycemia?
glucagon
The blood sugar level typically rises immediately after sugar is ingested. Then it typically drops abruptly. What pancreatic hormone is responsible for the drop?
Insulin
What is the mechanism of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- autoimmune
- beta cells are destroyed in pancreas
- insulin dependent
- glucose in urine
What is the mechanism of Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- down regulation of receptors
- glucose in urine
What is the normal range for blood glucose concentration?
70-100mg/dl
How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?
- a fasting value over 140mg/dl on at two separate occasion OR
- a blood sugar over 200mg/dl in the two-hour oral glucose tolerance test.
How is pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance) diagnosed?
- fasting value between 100-126mg/dl on 2 separate occasions OR
- blood sugar between 140-200mg/dl on the 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test.
Androgens (adrenal cortex: Zona reticularis)
(Libido) make sex hormones produced in small quantities. converted to estrogens upon entering blood.
