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Anatomy 232 > Lab 6- Endocrine System on Glucometer Exercise > Flashcards

Lab 6- Endocrine System on Glucometer Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Releasing hormones

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2
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

(more red, blood vessels)

  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • Growth hormone
  • Prolactin
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone
  • Luteinizing hormone
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3
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

(axons are myelinated, its fat)

  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Oxytocin
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4
Q

Thyroid gland

A
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Calcitonin
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5
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

-Parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Thymus

A

-Thymosin*

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7
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Insulin

- Glucagon

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8
Q

Adrenal glands

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  • Aldosterone
  • Androgens
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9
Q

Pineal gland

A

-Melatonin

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10
Q

Kidney

A
  • Erythropoietin

- Calcitriol

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11
Q

Heart

A

-Atrial naturetic peptide*

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12
Q

Digestive tract

A

-Digestive regulatory hormones*

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13
Q

Ovaries

A
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Inhibin
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14
Q

Testes

A
  • Testosterone

- Inhibin

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15
Q

ACTH

A

(adrenocorticotropic hormone)

-regulates the activity of the cortex of the adrenal gland.

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16
Q

TSH

A

(thyroid-stimulating hormone)

-stimulates production and release of thyroid hormones.

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17
Q

GH

A

(growth hormone)

  • stimulates growth of bones, cartilage, muscle.
  • timing and amount released determines body size.
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18
Q

PRL

A

(prolactin)

  • stimulates breast development.
  • promotes and maintains lactation after childbirth.
19
Q

FSH

A

(follicle-stimulating hormone)

  • causes formation of ovarian follicles and stimulates them to produce estrogen.
  • stimulates sperm development in men.
20
Q

LH

A

(luteinizing)

  • initiates ovulation, maintains corpus luteum.
  • regulates testosterone production in males.
21
Q

ADH

A

(antidiuretic)

  • A.K.A: vasopressin
  • reduces urine output and sweating
  • increases water reabsorption in kidneys.
  • resulting in increase in blood pressure.
22
Q

Oxytocin

A

(OT)

  • causes uterine contraction in labor
  • causes milk let down in lactating mothers
23
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Increase: respiratory rate, rate and strength of heart contraction, appetite, breakdown of cars, fats and proteins for fuel, alertness and reflexes.

24
Q

Calcitonin

A

stimulates bone deposition, mainly in children.

25
Q

PTH

A

(parathyroid hormone)

  • raises blood calcium levels
  • inhibits reabsorption of phosphate
26
Q

Insulin

A
  • stimulates glucose and amino acids uptake

- lowers blood glucose levels; promotes glucagon and fat breakdown, fat and protein synthesis.

27
Q

Glucagon

A

stimulates glycogenolysis; glucogen and fat breakdown; raises blood glucose and fatty acid levels.

28
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

adrenal medulla

A

promotes laterness, mobilizes organic fuels, raises metabolic rate, increases blood glucose levels.

29
Q

Cortisol (adrenal cortex: zona fasciculata)

A

stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance, and tissue repair.

30
Q

Aldosterone (adrenal cortex: zona glomerulosa)

A

promotes Na+ and water retention and K+ excretion; maintains blood pressure and volume.

31
Q

Melatonin

A
  • sleep cycle

- mood and sexual maturation

32
Q

Erythropoietin

A
  • promotes red blood cell production

- increase oxygen- carrying capacity of blood.

33
Q

Calcitrol

A

increase blood calcium level mainly by promoting intestinal absorption of Ca2+

34
Q

Calcitrol

A

increase blood calcium level mainly by promoting intestinal absorption of Ca2+

35
Q

How many grams of sugar (fructose) are in one small bottle of juice?

A

30-45g

36
Q

Why weren’t the two fasting students blood sugars lower than the non fasting students before drinking the juice?

A

glucadon secreted by the pancreas targets liver causing glycolysis.

37
Q

What pancreatic hormone prevented hypoglycemia?

A

glucagon

38
Q

The blood sugar level typically rises immediately after sugar is ingested. Then it typically drops abruptly. What pancreatic hormone is responsible for the drop?

A

Insulin

39
Q

What is the mechanism of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A
  • autoimmune
  • beta cells are destroyed in pancreas
  • insulin dependent
  • glucose in urine
40
Q

What is the mechanism of Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A
  • down regulation of receptors

- glucose in urine

41
Q

What is the normal range for blood glucose concentration?

A

70-100mg/dl

42
Q

How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?

A
  • a fasting value over 140mg/dl on at two separate occasion OR
  • a blood sugar over 200mg/dl in the two-hour oral glucose tolerance test.
43
Q

How is pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance) diagnosed?

A
  • fasting value between 100-126mg/dl on 2 separate occasions OR
  • blood sugar between 140-200mg/dl on the 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test.
44
Q

Androgens (adrenal cortex: Zona reticularis)

A

(Libido) make sex hormones produced in small quantities. converted to estrogens upon entering blood.

Anatomy 232 (12 decks)

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