Lab 8: Articulations

Question 1

Articulations

Answer 1

joining of two bones

Question 2

How are articulation classified?

Answer 2

Type of movement allowed (function)

or

Joint morphology (structure)

Question 3

Structrual Joints Classification

Answer 3

1. Fibrous joints - Bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue with fibers of varying length. There is no joint cavity
   
   1. Sutural - no true movement
      
      1. Bones of the skull
      2. Synarthrosis
   2. Syndesmosis - slight “give” or small movement
      
      1. interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna, or between the tibia and fibula
      2. amphiarthrosis
   3. Gomphosis - no true movement
      
      1. tooth
      2. synarthrosis
2. Cartilaginous joints - Bones are connected by cartilage. There is no joint cavity
   
   1. ​Synchondrosis - no true movement
      
      1. held together by a plate of hyaline cartilage
      2. rib #1 to the sternum
      3. synarthrosis
   2. Symphysis - slight “give” or small movement
      
      1. held together by a plate of fibrocartilage
      2. intervertebral discs between vertebrae bodies
      3. amphiarthrosis
3. Synovial joints - Bones are held together by a complex joint that includes a fluid-filled cavity
   
   1. All synovial joints are diarthrosis

Question 4

Functional Joints Classification

Answer 4

1. Synarthrosis
   
   1. Joint allows virtually no movement
   2. Used when describing fibrous joints or cartilaginous joints
2. Amphiarthrosis
   
   1. Joint allows slight “give” at the joint
   2. Used when describing fibrous joints or cartilaginous joints
3. Diarthrosis
   
   1. Joint with variable movement
   2. All synovial joints

Question 5

amphi-

Answer 5

on both sides

Question 6

-arthro

Answer 6

joint; articulation

Question 7

-chondro

Answer 7

cartilage

Question 8

-desmo

Answer 8

ligament; band

Question 9

di-

Answer 9

through; separation

Question 10

gompho-

Answer 10

tooth; bolt together

Question 11

-osteo

Answer 11

bone

Question 12

sutura-

Answer 12

seam

Question 13

sympho-

Answer 13

growing together

Question 14

syn-

Answer 14

together

Question 15

Subdivisions of Synovial Structural Joints

Answer 15

1. No Plane of Movement
   
   1. Gliding joint
      
      1. most numerous synovial joint subdivision
      2. between the carpal/tarsal bones
2. One Plane of Movement
   
   1. ​Hinge joint
      
      1. elbow, knee, ankle joints
   2. Pivot joint
      
      1. first and second cervical vertebrae and between the proximal/distal radius and ulna
3. Two Planes of Movement
   
   1. ​Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) joint
      
      1. metacarpals and proximal phalanges, between the distal radius/ulna and the proximal carpal bones
   2. Saddle joint
      
      1. carpal bone and proximal metacarpal of the pollex
4. Three Planes of Movement
   
   1. ​Ball and Socket joint
      
      1. ​hip joint and shoulder joint

Question 16

Subdivisions of Diarthrosis Functional Joints

Answer 16

1. Nonaxial joints
   
   1. gliding joints
   2. do not move within a plane
2. Uniaxial joints
   
   1. hinge and pivot joints
   2. sagittal or horizontal planes
      
      1. flexion/extension or rotation
3. Biaxial joints
   
   1. condyloid and saddle joints
   2. sagittal and coronal planes
      
      1. flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
4. Triaxial joints
   
   1. ball and socket joints
   2. sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes
      
      1. rotation, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction