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Anatomy > Lab 6: General Skeletal System > Flashcards

Lab 6: General Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Number of bones

A

206

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2
Q

Main divisions of the bones of the skeleton

A

Axial Skeleton (80 bones)

Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones)

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3
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

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4
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

bones of the appendages (arms and legs), and the girdles that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton

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5
Q

Various Connective Tissue Types

A
  1. Connective Tissue Proper
    1. Adipose​​
    2. Dense Regular
  2. Cartilage
  3. Osseous
    1. Spongy
    2. Compact
  4. Blood
    1. Red Bone Marrow
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6
Q

Shapes of Bones

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Sesamoid
  5. Sutural (Wormian)
  6. Irregular
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7
Q

Examples of long bones

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
  • metacarpals/ metatarsals
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • femur
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8
Q

Examples of short bones

A
  • carpals
  • tarsals
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9
Q

Examples of flat bones

A
  • cranium
  • ilium
  • sternum
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10
Q

Examples of pneumatized bones

A

“air pockets”

  • maxilla
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11
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones

A
  • patella
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12
Q

Examples of sutural (wormian) bones

A

“fused”

-skull

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13
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A
  • vertebrae
  • mandible
  • coxal bones
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14
Q
  • most abundant
  • collagen fibers too thin to see
  • resists stretching
  • Found at: Articular end of bones
A

Hyaline Cartilage

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15
Q
  • matrix has elastic fibers
  • tolerates repeated bending
  • Found in: epiglottis and ears
A

Elastic Cartilage

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16
Q
  • Resists twisting and compression
  • hylaine + dense CT
  • alternating rows of collagen and chondrocytes
  • Found in: intervertebral discs, meniscs, pubis symphysis
A

Fibrocartilage

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17
Q

Types of osseous tissue

A

Compact & Spongy bone

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18
Q
A
  1. Concentric Lamellae
  2. Spongy Bone
  3. Canaliculi
  4. Lacuna
  5. Osteocyte within lacunae
  6. Periosteum
  7. Haversion (central) Canal
  8. Osteon
  9. Volkmann’s Canal
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19
Q
A
  1. Proximal Epiphysis
  2. Diaphysis
  3. Distal Epiphysis
  4. Epiphyseal line
  5. Spongy bone
  6. Medulary Cavity
  7. Endosteum
  8. Periosteum
  9. Articular Cartilage
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20
Q

Growth of bone or cartialge due to the addition of bony matrix or cartilage to the outer surface (deep to the periostuem)

Inceases the bone organ in width

A

Appositional Growth

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21
Q

“little canals” that connect lacunae and osteocytes to each other

A

Canaliculi

22
Q

Immature cartilage cell (responsible for matrix production)

A

Chondroblast

23
Q

Mature cartilage cell (usually trapped in lacunae)

A

Chondrocyte

24
Q

Canal lined with endosteum to supply blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve to bone

A

Haversian (central) Canal

25
Enlargement of cells
Hypertrophy
26
Cartilage growth due to mitosis of chondrocytes (may occur along epiphyseal plate of long bone to increase bone _length_)
Interstitial Growth
27
A small cavity (often houses cartilage or bone cells)
Lacunae
28
Concentric rings or tubes of bone matrix
lamellae
29
Embryonic connective tissue cell (gives rise to all other CT)
mesenchymal cells
30
process of bone formation
Ossification
31
immature, matrix producing _bone_ cell
Osteoblast
32
Cells that act to reabsorb or breakdown bone tissue
osteoclasts
33
mature _bone_ cell (usually trapped in lacunae)
Osteocyte
34
(Haversian System) The functional and structural unit of compact bone. They consist of tiny structural "pillars" made of concentric rings or tubes of bone
Osteon
35
Tiny, needle-like bits of bone (connect to form trabeculae)
Spicules of bone
36
A thick, fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding the entire external surface of bone, with the exception of the articular surface
Periosteum
37
A cellular membrane lining the spicules, trabeculae, canals, and medullary cavity of bone
Endosteum
38
Microscope components of **Dense Regular CT**
* fibroblasts * collagen fibers
39
Microscope components of **Fibrocartilage**
* collagen fibers * chondrocytes within lacunae * matrix
40
Microscope components of **Compact Bone**
* osteons * osteocytes within lacunae * Haversian (central) canals * Lamellae * Canaliculi
41
Microscope components of **Spongy Bone**
* osteoblasts * osteocytes within lacunae * red bone marrow * trabeculae * endosteum
42
Microscope components of **Intramembranous Ossification**
* osteoblasts * osteocytes * mesenchymal tissue * developing bone spicules/trabeculae * endosteum
43
Microscope components of **Endochondral Ossification**
* Hyaline catilage model * Hypertrophied chondrocytes * Developing bone spicules/trabeculae * Endosteum * Periosteum * Osteoblasts * Osteocytes
44
STEP 1 **Intramembranous** bone development
mesenchyme → mesenchymal cells differentiate into **_osteo_**blasts → osteoblasts secrete matrix → osteoblasts surrounded by matrix become osteocytes trapped in lacunae → spicules formed → spicules unite to form spongy bone (endosteum forms around spongy bone) → remodeling of spongy bone forms compact bone (periosteum forms around bone)
45
STEP 1 **Hyaline Cartilage Model** Development
mesenchyme → mesenchymal cells differentiate into **_chondro_**blasts → chondroblasts secrete matrix → chondroblasts surrounded by matrix become chondrocytes trapped in lacunae → cartilage model formed, surrounded by perichondrium
46
STEP 2 **Endochondral** bone development
Hyaline cartilage model (STEP 1) → blood vessels of perichondrium bring in osteoblasts to form perosteum collar → hypertrophy and death of cartilage cells at primary ossification center → invasion of blood vessels and osteoblasts at primary ossification center → bone begins to replace cartilage (osteoblasts form spicules) → formation of secondary ossification center in epiphysis → bone replaces cartilage at 2° ossification center → hyaline cartilage remains in the epiphyseal plate (until growth completed) and on the articular surfaces (for life)
47
Dense Regular CT
48
Fibrocartilage
49
Compact Bone
50
Spongy Bone
51
Intramembranous Ossification
52
Endochondral Ossification

Anatomy (18 decks)

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