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Anatomy > Lab 6: General Skeletal System > Flashcards

Lab 6: General Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Number of bones

A

206

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2
Q

Main divisions of the bones of the skeleton

A

Axial Skeleton (80 bones)

Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones)

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3
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

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4
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

bones of the appendages (arms and legs), and the girdles that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton

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5
Q

Various Connective Tissue Types

A
  1. Connective Tissue Proper
    1. Adipose​​
    2. Dense Regular
  2. Cartilage
  3. Osseous
    1. Spongy
    2. Compact
  4. Blood
    1. Red Bone Marrow
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6
Q

Shapes of Bones

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Sesamoid
  5. Sutural (Wormian)
  6. Irregular
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7
Q

Examples of long bones

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
  • metacarpals/ metatarsals
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • femur
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8
Q

Examples of short bones

A
  • carpals
  • tarsals
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9
Q

Examples of flat bones

A
  • cranium
  • ilium
  • sternum
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10
Q

Examples of pneumatized bones

A

“air pockets”

  • maxilla
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11
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones

A
  • patella
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12
Q

Examples of sutural (wormian) bones

A

“fused”

-skull

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13
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A
  • vertebrae
  • mandible
  • coxal bones
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14
Q
  • most abundant
  • collagen fibers too thin to see
  • resists stretching
  • Found at: Articular end of bones
A

Hyaline Cartilage

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15
Q
  • matrix has elastic fibers
  • tolerates repeated bending
  • Found in: epiglottis and ears
A

Elastic Cartilage

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16
Q
  • Resists twisting and compression
  • hylaine + dense CT
  • alternating rows of collagen and chondrocytes
  • Found in: intervertebral discs, meniscs, pubis symphysis
A

Fibrocartilage

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17
Q

Types of osseous tissue

A

Compact & Spongy bone

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18
Q
A
  1. Concentric Lamellae
  2. Spongy Bone
  3. Canaliculi
  4. Lacuna
  5. Osteocyte within lacunae
  6. Periosteum
  7. Haversion (central) Canal
  8. Osteon
  9. Volkmann’s Canal
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19
Q
A
  1. Proximal Epiphysis
  2. Diaphysis
  3. Distal Epiphysis
  4. Epiphyseal line
  5. Spongy bone
  6. Medulary Cavity
  7. Endosteum
  8. Periosteum
  9. Articular Cartilage
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20
Q

Growth of bone or cartialge due to the addition of bony matrix or cartilage to the outer surface (deep to the periostuem)

Inceases the bone organ in width

A

Appositional Growth

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21
Q

“little canals” that connect lacunae and osteocytes to each other

A

Canaliculi

22
Q

Immature cartilage cell (responsible for matrix production)

A

Chondroblast

23
Q

Mature cartilage cell (usually trapped in lacunae)

A

Chondrocyte

24
Q

Canal lined with endosteum to supply blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve to bone

A

Haversian (central) Canal

25
Q

Enlargement of cells

A

Hypertrophy

26
Q

Cartilage growth due to mitosis of chondrocytes (may occur along epiphyseal plate of long bone to increase bone length)

A

Interstitial Growth

27
Q

A small cavity (often houses cartilage or bone cells)

A

Lacunae

28
Q

Concentric rings or tubes of bone matrix

A

lamellae

29
Q

Embryonic connective tissue cell (gives rise to all other CT)

A

mesenchymal cells

30
Q

process of bone formation

A

Ossification

31
Q

immature, matrix producing bone cell

A

Osteoblast

32
Q

Cells that act to reabsorb or breakdown bone tissue

A

osteoclasts

33
Q

mature bone cell (usually trapped in lacunae)

A

Osteocyte

34
Q

(Haversian System) The functional and structural unit of compact bone. They consist of tiny structural “pillars” made of concentric rings or tubes of bone

A

Osteon

35
Q

Tiny, needle-like bits of bone (connect to form trabeculae)

A

Spicules of bone

36
Q

A thick, fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding the entire external surface of bone, with the exception of the articular surface

A

Periosteum

37
Q

A cellular membrane lining the spicules, trabeculae, canals, and medullary cavity of bone

A

Endosteum

38
Q

Microscope components of Dense Regular CT

A
  • fibroblasts
  • collagen fibers
39
Q

Microscope components of Fibrocartilage

A
  • collagen fibers
  • chondrocytes within lacunae
  • matrix
40
Q

Microscope components of Compact Bone

A
  • osteons
  • osteocytes within lacunae
  • Haversian (central) canals
  • Lamellae
  • Canaliculi
41
Q

Microscope components of Spongy Bone

A
  • osteoblasts
  • osteocytes within lacunae
  • red bone marrow
  • trabeculae
  • endosteum
42
Q

Microscope components of Intramembranous Ossification

A
  • osteoblasts
  • osteocytes
  • mesenchymal tissue
  • developing bone spicules/trabeculae
  • endosteum
43
Q

Microscope components of Endochondral Ossification

A
  • Hyaline catilage model
  • Hypertrophied chondrocytes
  • Developing bone spicules/trabeculae
  • Endosteum
  • Periosteum
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
44
Q

STEP 1 Intramembranous bone development

A

mesenchyme → mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts → osteoblasts secrete matrix → osteoblasts surrounded by matrix become osteocytes trapped in lacunae → spicules formed → spicules unite to form spongy bone (endosteum forms around spongy bone) → remodeling of spongy bone forms compact bone (periosteum forms around bone)

45
Q

STEP 1 Hyaline Cartilage Model Development

A

mesenchyme → mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondroblasts → chondroblasts secrete matrix → chondroblasts surrounded by matrix become chondrocytes trapped in lacunae → cartilage model formed, surrounded by perichondrium

46
Q

STEP 2 Endochondral bone development

A

Hyaline cartilage model (STEP 1) → blood vessels of perichondrium bring in osteoblasts to form perosteum collar → hypertrophy and death of cartilage cells at primary ossification center → invasion of blood vessels and osteoblasts at primary ossification center → bone begins to replace cartilage (osteoblasts form spicules) → formation of secondary ossification center in epiphysis → bone replaces cartilage at 2° ossification center → hyaline cartilage remains in the epiphyseal plate (until growth completed) and on the articular surfaces (for life)

47
Q
A

Dense Regular CT

48
Q
A

Fibrocartilage

49
Q
A

Compact Bone

50
Q
A

Spongy Bone

51
Q
A

Intramembranous Ossification

52
Q
A

Endochondral Ossification

Anatomy (18 decks)

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