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Anatomy > Lab 7: General Muscular System > Flashcards

Lab 7: General Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Organization

A

Muscle Organ (Epimysium)

Muscle Fasicle (Perimysium)

Muscle FIber (Endomysium)

Myofibrils

Myofilaments (Actin & Myosin)

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2
Q

Muscel Fiber Model

A
  • Endomysium
    • outermost layer
  • Sarcolemma
    • tan layer
  • T-tubles
    • holes/orange horizontal lines
  • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
    • white webbing
  • Terminal Cisternae
    • surround t-tubule; white lines
  • Myofibril
    • includes myofilaments
  • Myosin
    • thick red lines in myofibril
  • Actin
    • thin red line in myofibril
  • Z-line
    • pink horizontal line
  • Sarcomere
    • z-line → z-line
  • Cell Nucleus
    • blue structure
  • Satellite Cell
    • tan structure
  • Neuromuscular Junction
    • Acetylcoline (yellow circles)
    • Mitochondria (blue structures)
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3
Q

A flattened, tendinous sheet derived from interwoven fibers of the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium of skeletal muscle

A

Aponeuroses

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4
Q

plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell (fiber)

A

Sarcolemma

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5
Q

actin (contractile protein)

A

Thin myofilament

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6
Q

theory on the mechanism for muscle contraction

A

Sliding filament theory

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7
Q

connective tissue (deep fascia) encircling many skeletal muscle fascicles

A

Epimysium

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8
Q

a bundle of many skeletal muscle cells (fibers)

A

Fascicle

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9
Q

connective tissue encircling a single skeletal muscle fascicle

A

Perimysium

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10
Q

skeletal muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

Junction of a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

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12
Q

Myosin (contractile protein)

A

Thick myofilament

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13
Q

Connective tissue covering surrounding a skeletal muscle cell (fiber)

A

Endomysium

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14
Q

Contractile protein filaments consisting of mainly actin and myosin

A

Myofilaments

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15
Q

Bundles of myofilaments found in a single muscle cell

A

Myofibril

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16
Q
A
  1. Tendon
  2. Epimysium
  3. Endomysium
  4. Bone
  5. Perimysium
  6. Fasicle
  7. Blood vessel
  8. Muscle fiber
17
Q

Identify, describe, and provide an example

A
  1. Parallel/ Longitudinal - fascicles parallel to long axis of muscle; Sartorius
  2. Parallel muscle with tendinous bands - Rectus abdominus
  3. Convergent - fascicles spread over a large area converge to a single tendon; Pectoralis major
  4. Unipennate - all fascicles converge to one side of a tendon; Semimembranosis
  5. Bipennate - fascicles converge to both sides of a tendon; Rectus femoris
  6. Multipennate - tendon branches converge to a single tendon; Deltoid
  7. Circular - concentrically arranged fibers surrounding an opening; Orbicularis oris
18
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

All muscle fibers are only innervated by a single neuron

However, a single neuron can innervate many muscle fibers

A muscle fiber consists of many sarcomeres arranged side by side

19
Q

Describe the difference between the origin of a muscle and the insertion of a muscle.

20
Q
A
  1. Myofibril
  2. Myofilaments
  3. Thin Filament (actin)
  4. Thick Filament (myosin)
  5. Mitochondria
  6. Sarcolemma
  7. Triad
  8. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
  9. Terminal Cisterna
  10. T-tubules
21
Q
A
  1. Sarcomere
  2. H zone
  3. Actin
  4. M-line
  5. Myosin
  6. Z-line
  7. A-band
  8. I-band
22
Q

Microscope Components of Skeletal Muscle

A
  • Individual muscle fibers
  • Sarcolemma
  • Nuclei
  • A-band (Dark bands)
  • I-band (Light bands)
  • Endomysium
23
Q
A

Skeletal Muscle

24
Q

Sliding Filmaent Theory

A
  1. ATP binds to myosin cross-bridge headm which split ATP into ADP and Pi and energy. Energy is used to swivel the cross-bridges to a “ready” (90º) position
  2. Motor neuron at neuromuscular junction releases acetylcholine, which binds to receptors on sarcolemma, causing an action potential
  3. Action potential spreads throughout sarcolemma and down he t-tubules
  4. This causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) channels to open and release calcium ions (Ca2+)
  5. Ca2+ bind to troponin-tropomyosin complex on actin, exposing binding sites for myosin
  6. Myosin cross-bridges attach to actin (and release Pi) causing myosin to swivel to 45º, pulling actin and their z-lines towards cell center, shortening sarcomere
25
Q

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

26
Q

What layers of the connective tissue sheath(s) form a tendon?

27
Q

Why are skeletal muscle cells called fibers?

28
Q

What are the terminal cisternae and what are their functions?

29
Q

The dark band in the muscle vell striations are composed of…

30
Q

The light band in the muscle cell striations are composed of…

Anatomy (18 decks)

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