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Human Physiology B > Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What ectopic focus?

A

also known as the ectopic pacemaker is an excitable group of cells that causes premature heart beat outside the normally functioning SA node

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2
Q

What are the causes of ectopic rhythm?

A

there are unknow but factors can aggravate it like alcohol, caffeine, smoking

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3
Q

How does PVC occur?

A

stimulation occurs in one or more areas within the ventricle before the normal stimulation from the SA node arrives

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4
Q

what happens to the QRS complex during a PVC? and why ?

A

-prolonged duration and abnormal morphology
-stimulation happens without and before the stimulation from the SA node hence there is no P wave
- stimulation from the SA node still occurs and the impulse travels, the prolonged stimulation from the ventricle and then from normal conduction pathway results in a wide QRS complex

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5
Q

How to Diagnose a PVC?

A
  • no p wave
    -wide QRS complex
  • T wave usually points in the opposite dircetion of QRS wave
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6
Q

What are the types of PVCs?

A

Unifocal PVC and Multifocal PVC

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7
Q

What is unifocal pvc?

A

pvc originates in one (uni) focal point with the ventricle; pvc will look the same

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8
Q

what is Multifocal PVC?

A

originates in more than one focal point within the ventricle, pvc will look different

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9
Q

What is a continuous PVC?

A
  • a PVC that has a pattern
    Bigeminy-every other beat is a PVC
    Trigeminy- every third beat is a PVC
    Quadrigeminy- every fourth beat is a PVC
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10
Q

What is Ventricular Tachycardia?

A

-identified if you observe 3 or more PVCs in a row
-looks like the blade of a saw

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11
Q

R on T PVC

A

-when the R wave of the PVC occurs on the T wave of the preceding beat
-often leads in to V fib because the cells haven’t fully repolarized

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12
Q

V fib

A
  • rapid irregular electrical signals causes the heart’s ventricles to quiver uselessly instead of pumping blood
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13
Q

Sudden Cardiac Arrest

A

is the sudden loos of all heart activity due to an irregular heart rhythm
- breathing also stops and the person unconscious, brain cells begin to die within 4-6 min following cardia arrest, without immediate treatment it can lead to death

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14
Q

Symptoms of SCA

A

collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness

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15
Q

Symptoms that can occur before a cardiac arrest

A

chest discomfort, shortness of breath, weakness, tachycardia, palpitations

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16
Q

Causes of SCA

A

coronary artery disease, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease, congenital heart defect, long qt syndrome

17
Q

what are the three phases of cardiac arrest?

A

Electrical Phase, Circulatory phase, metabolic phase

18
Q

Electrical phase

A

0-4 min after cardiac arrest where the heart still has supply of oxygen and glucose; favorable for resuscitation respidno defibrillation

19
Q

Circulatory phase

A

4-10 min after cardiac arrest
-oxygen stores are exhausted and myocardial cells switch to anaerobic metabolims
-CPR is needed to restore supply of oxygen and glucose to enhace response to defibrillation

20
Q

Metabolic phase

A

begins 10 mina after cardiac arrest heart muscle is acidic and ischemic and begin to die; unfavorable chances of resuscitation

21
Q

what are the heart rhythms associated with cardiac arrest

A

-V tach and V fib favorable for defibrillation
-asytole and pulseless Electrical activity not favorbale for defibrillation

22
Q

what is in carsh cart drawer 1?

A

medictions wuch as Amidodrane Sodium bicarbonate and alcholo swabs sterile water

23
Q

What is in crash cart drawer2

A

Intubation materials

24
Q

What is in crash cart drawer3

A

airway suction materials

25
Q

What is in crash cart drawer 4

A

IV starting equipment

26
Q

What is in crash cart drawer 5

A

IV solutions

27
Q

What is in crash cart drawer 6

A

prepackaged kits for various urgent procedures

Human Physiology B (13 decks)

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