Lab 8 Flashcards
What ectopic focus?
also known as the ectopic pacemaker is an excitable group of cells that causes premature heart beat outside the normally functioning SA node
What are the causes of ectopic rhythm?
there are unknow but factors can aggravate it like alcohol, caffeine, smoking
How does PVC occur?
stimulation occurs in one or more areas within the ventricle before the normal stimulation from the SA node arrives
what happens to the QRS complex during a PVC? and why ?
-prolonged duration and abnormal morphology
-stimulation happens without and before the stimulation from the SA node hence there is no P wave
- stimulation from the SA node still occurs and the impulse travels, the prolonged stimulation from the ventricle and then from normal conduction pathway results in a wide QRS complex
How to Diagnose a PVC?
- no p wave
-wide QRS complex - T wave usually points in the opposite dircetion of QRS wave
What are the types of PVCs?
Unifocal PVC and Multifocal PVC
What is unifocal pvc?
pvc originates in one (uni) focal point with the ventricle; pvc will look the same
what is Multifocal PVC?
originates in more than one focal point within the ventricle, pvc will look different
What is a continuous PVC?
- a PVC that has a pattern
Bigeminy-every other beat is a PVC
Trigeminy- every third beat is a PVC
Quadrigeminy- every fourth beat is a PVC
What is Ventricular Tachycardia?
-identified if you observe 3 or more PVCs in a row
-looks like the blade of a saw
R on T PVC
-when the R wave of the PVC occurs on the T wave of the preceding beat
-often leads in to V fib because the cells haven’t fully repolarized
V fib
- rapid irregular electrical signals causes the heart’s ventricles to quiver uselessly instead of pumping blood
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
is the sudden loos of all heart activity due to an irregular heart rhythm
- breathing also stops and the person unconscious, brain cells begin to die within 4-6 min following cardia arrest, without immediate treatment it can lead to death
Symptoms of SCA
collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness
Symptoms that can occur before a cardiac arrest
chest discomfort, shortness of breath, weakness, tachycardia, palpitations
Causes of SCA
coronary artery disease, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease, congenital heart defect, long qt syndrome
what are the three phases of cardiac arrest?
Electrical Phase, Circulatory phase, metabolic phase
Electrical phase
0-4 min after cardiac arrest where the heart still has supply of oxygen and glucose; favorable for resuscitation respidno defibrillation
Circulatory phase
4-10 min after cardiac arrest
-oxygen stores are exhausted and myocardial cells switch to anaerobic metabolims
-CPR is needed to restore supply of oxygen and glucose to enhace response to defibrillation
Metabolic phase
begins 10 mina after cardiac arrest heart muscle is acidic and ischemic and begin to die; unfavorable chances of resuscitation
what are the heart rhythms associated with cardiac arrest
-V tach and V fib favorable for defibrillation
-asytole and pulseless Electrical activity not favorbale for defibrillation
what is in carsh cart drawer 1?
medictions wuch as Amidodrane Sodium bicarbonate and alcholo swabs sterile water
What is in crash cart drawer2
Intubation materials
What is in crash cart drawer3
airway suction materials
What is in crash cart drawer 4
IV starting equipment
What is in crash cart drawer 5
IV solutions
What is in crash cart drawer 6
prepackaged kits for various urgent procedures
