Lab 2

Question 1

What are the 6 different types of Abnormal Lung Sounds?

Answer 1

Snoring, Stridor, Wheezes, Rhonchi, Rales/Crackles, nd Pleural Friction Rub

Question 2

Describe snoring

Answer 2

Continuous, Deep, and full sound

Question 3

What causes snoring?

Answer 3

Partial obstruction in pharynx by tongue or relaxed tissues

Question 4

Describe stridor

Answer 4

continuous, harsh, high pitched, musical sound

Question 5

what causes stridor

Answer 5

Partial obstruction in the larynx/trachea which could be anatomical, mechanical, or caused by infection. Usually inspiratory

Question 6

Describe Rhonchi

Answer 6

Continuous, low-pitched, whistling sound. The sound might change if the patient coughs or changes position

Question 7

What causes Rhonchi?

Answer 7

Congestion of larger airways by mucus secretions. ex. Cystic Fibrosis, Pneumonia

Question 8

Describe Rales/Crackles

Answer 8

Discontinuous, moist, crackling or bubbly sounds

Question 9

What causes Rales/Crackles?

Answer 9

Different Crackles:
-Fine= dry due to sudden opening of closed airways
- course= wet due to fluids in and around alveoli
ex. Pulmonary edema, Pneumonia, Chronic Bronchitis

Question 10

Describe Pleural Friction Rub

Answer 10

Nonmusical, short, biphasic, and explosive sound

Question 11

What causes the Pleural Friction Rub?

Answer 11

inflamed visceral and parietal pleura rub against each other during movement of chest wall= heard at the base of the lung

Question 12

What are the Abnormal Lung Sounds in the upper airway?

Answer 12

Snoring, stridor

Question 13

What are the Abnormal lung sounds in the lower airway?

Answer 13

Wheezes, Rhonchi, Rales/Crackles, and Pleural Friction Rub

Question 14

When Auscultating for Lung Sounds what are looking for?

Answer 14

-Full inspiration and expiration cycle
-Pitch quality and duration
-sound normal or weird(abnormal)

Question 15

What are the Anterior Auscultation Points?

Answer 15

-Above the clavicle
- 2nd Intercostal Space
-4th intercostal Space
-6th intercostal space

Question 16

What lobe of the lung are you listening to on the 2nd intercostal space?

Answer 16

Right and Left upper lobes

Question 17

What lobe of the lung are you listening to on the 4th intercostal space?

Answer 17

right middle lobe and left upper lobe

Question 18

What lobe of the lung are you listening to on the 6th intercostal space?

Answer 18

right and left lower lobes

Question 19

What lobe of the lung are you listening to above the clavicle?

Answer 19

Apex of lung

Question 20

What are the Posterior Auscultation Points?

Answer 20

-above scapulae
-C7 to T3
-T3 to T10

Question 21

What is ATPS? What is the definition?

Answer 21

-Ambient Temperature and Pressure-saturated
- The volume of gas is dependent upon the ambient temperature at a barometric pressure that is saturated with water vapor

Question 22

What is BTPS and definition?

Answer 22

• Body temperature and Pressure-saturated
• The volume of gas is dependent on Barometric pressure that is saturated with water vapor

Question 23

What is a correction factor and what does it require?

Answer 23

-used to account for the differences in temperature and pressure going from ATPS conditions to BTPS conditions
-Requires knowing the ambient temperature, barometric pressure and level of humidity

Question 24

Charles Law

Answer 24

the volume of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas

Question 25

What is the equation for Charles law?

Answer 25

vb= Va X (Tb+273)/ (Ta+273)

Question 26

Boyle’s Law

Answer 26

the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas

Question 27

What is the equation of Boyle’s law?

Answer 27

Vb=Va x 760-PH20 @Ta/760-PH20@Tb

Question 28

Determine a “correction factor” when converting a volume from ATPS to BTPS. You can assume a barometric pressure of 760 mm Hg. For full credit, show your work and express your answer 3 places past the decimal.
Relevant information for BTPS conditions:
Tb= 37C and P(H2O) = 47 mm Hg Relevant information for ATPS conditions:
Ta = 25C and P(H2O) = 23.5 mm Hg

Answer 28

Answer = 1.074