Lab 2 Flashcards
What are the 6 different types of Abnormal Lung Sounds?
Snoring, Stridor, Wheezes, Rhonchi, Rales/Crackles, nd Pleural Friction Rub
Describe snoring
Continuous, Deep, and full sound
What causes snoring?
Partial obstruction in pharynx by tongue or relaxed tissues
Describe stridor
continuous, harsh, high pitched, musical sound
what causes stridor
Partial obstruction in the larynx/trachea which could be anatomical, mechanical, or caused by infection. Usually inspiratory
Describe Rhonchi
Continuous, low-pitched, whistling sound. The sound might change if the patient coughs or changes position
What causes Rhonchi?
Congestion of larger airways by mucus secretions. ex. Cystic Fibrosis, Pneumonia
Describe Rales/Crackles
Discontinuous, moist, crackling or bubbly sounds
What causes Rales/Crackles?
Different Crackles:
-Fine= dry due to sudden opening of closed airways
- course= wet due to fluids in and around alveoli
ex. Pulmonary edema, Pneumonia, Chronic Bronchitis
Describe Pleural Friction Rub
Nonmusical, short, biphasic, and explosive sound
What causes the Pleural Friction Rub?
inflamed visceral and parietal pleura rub against each other during movement of chest wall= heard at the base of the lung
What are the Abnormal Lung Sounds in the upper airway?
Snoring, stridor
What are the Abnormal lung sounds in the lower airway?
Wheezes, Rhonchi, Rales/Crackles, and Pleural Friction Rub
When Auscultating for Lung Sounds what are looking for?
-Full inspiration and expiration cycle
-Pitch quality and duration
-sound normal or weird(abnormal)
What are the Anterior Auscultation Points?
-Above the clavicle
- 2nd Intercostal Space
-4th intercostal Space
-6th intercostal space
What lobe of the lung are you listening to on the 2nd intercostal space?
Right and Left upper lobes
What lobe of the lung are you listening to on the 4th intercostal space?
right middle lobe and left upper lobe
What lobe of the lung are you listening to on the 6th intercostal space?
right and left lower lobes
What lobe of the lung are you listening to above the clavicle?
Apex of lung
What are the Posterior Auscultation Points?
-above scapulae
-C7 to T3
-T3 to T10
What is ATPS? What is the definition?
-Ambient Temperature and Pressure-saturated
- The volume of gas is dependent upon the ambient temperature at a barometric pressure that is saturated with water vapor
What is BTPS and definition?
- Body temperature and Pressure-saturated
- The volume of gas is dependent on Barometric pressure that is saturated with water vapor
What is a correction factor and what does it require?
-used to account for the differences in temperature and pressure going from ATPS conditions to BTPS conditions
-Requires knowing the ambient temperature, barometric pressure and level of humidity
Charles Law
the volume of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas
What is the equation for Charles law?
vb= Va X (Tb+273)/ (Ta+273)
Boyle’s Law
the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas
What is the equation of Boyle’s law?
Vb=Va x 760-PH20 @Ta/760-PH20@Tb
Determine a “correction factor” when converting a volume from ATPS to BTPS. You can assume a barometric pressure of 760 mm Hg. For full credit, show your work and express your answer 3 places past the decimal.
Relevant information for BTPS conditions:
Tb= 37C and P(H2O) = 47 mm Hg Relevant information for ATPS conditions:
Ta = 25C and P(H2O) = 23.5 mm Hg
Answer = 1.074
