Lab 10 Flashcards
What is the difference between EKG and Echocardiogram?
EKG:
- test that determines the electrical system of the heart
-produces a wave like diagram
-electrodes
Echo:
- test that determines the mechanical system
- produces a picture of the heart
- uses a transducer and cool gel
type pf echo : TTE Transthoracic Echo
most common type; noninvasive or minimally invasive
What is TTE used for?
Check heart valves, how well heart is pumping, BP, size/shape of the heart chambers
what can TTE be used to diagnose?
aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, blood clot
Type of echo: Stress Echo
exercise stress echo assesses heart function when its beating fas; measure while exercising on treadmill or stationary bicycle
What is stress echo used ti diagnose?
Cornary artery dieases cardiomyopathy
two dimensional ultrasound
is used most often; produces 2D images that appear as slices on computer screen, could be stacked to build 3D structures
three dimensional ultrasound
3D imaging is more efficient and useful ; show how well the heart pumps blood and allows sonographer to view the heart from different angles
What are the echocardi techniques?
-strain and contrast imaging
-doppler and color doppler ultrasound
Doppler ultrasound
shows how fast blood flows and in what direction
Color doppler ultrasound
shows blood flow but it uses different colors to highlight the different direction of flow
Strain imaging
shows changes in how heart muscle moves; can catch early signs of some heart disease
Contrast imaging
contrast agent inject into a vein; contrast agent is visible in the images and can help show details of the heart
What is a transducer?
a device that produces sound waves that bounce off body tissues to make echoes to make a picture called sonogram
Linear transducer
used for arteries/veins, eyes, breast s procedures
Curvilinear transducer
used for gallblader, liver, kidney, uterus
Phased array transducer
used to perform echocardiography, lungs, pleura, abdomen
Sagittal plane
placed over chest and the indicator of the transducer is pointing towards head, ultrasound beam slices the patients heart in the sagittal plane
transverse plane
place subcostally indicator pointing toward the right side of the patients body, ultrasound beam slices patienrs heart in the transverse plane
coronal plane
placed along the mid-axillary line and indicator pointing toward axillary region slices patients heart in coronal plane
PLAX view
-aim to orientate the beam with the long axis of the left ventrical
-placed on left of sternum in 3,4,5 intercostal space indicator toward right clavical
-allows for imaging of RV, LA, LV, mitral valve, aortic valve
PSAX view
-transducer in intercostal space to obatin the parasternal long axis view
-examins shape/sizes of ventricles
A4C view
-transducer placed at point of maximum impulse beam directed up toward patienrs heald
- views of pericardial effusion which indicates cardiac tamponade
Subcostal 4 chamber view
-maybe the only achieveable view in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
patient is supine and knees are slightly bent to reduce abdominal wall tensions
- subcoatsl view shows IVC in long axis
What are 4 pathologies visible on an echocardiogram?
- Pleural effusion
- Pericardial effusion
- Cardiac/Pericardial Tamponade
- CHF
What is Pathologies Associated with Ejection Fraction?
EF is the measurement of the percent of blood leaving the heart each time it pumps
What is the ejection fraction equation?
EF = (SV/EDV) x 100
What is a normal EF?
Above 50%
What can be a cause of a decreased EF?
Aortic regurgitation and mitral valve stenosis
What is a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)?
A hole in the interatrial septum separating the right atrium from the left atrium
What is atherosclerosis?
Hardening of plaque in the arteries
What is a Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV)?
When the aortic valve only contains 2 cusps instead of three
