Lab 10

Question 1

What is the difference between EKG and Echocardiogram?

Answer 1

EKG:
- test that determines the electrical system of the heart
-produces a wave like diagram
-electrodes
Echo:
- test that determines the mechanical system
- produces a picture of the heart
- uses a transducer and cool gel

Question 2

type pf echo : TTE Transthoracic Echo

Answer 2

most common type; noninvasive or minimally invasive

Question 3

What is TTE used for?

Answer 3

Check heart valves, how well heart is pumping, BP, size/shape of the heart chambers

Question 4

what can TTE be used to diagnose?

Answer 4

aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, blood clot

Question 5

Type of echo: Stress Echo

Answer 5

exercise stress echo assesses heart function when its beating fas; measure while exercising on treadmill or stationary bicycle

Question 6

What is stress echo used ti diagnose?

Answer 6

Cornary artery dieases cardiomyopathy

Question 7

two dimensional ultrasound

Answer 7

is used most often; produces 2D images that appear as slices on computer screen, could be stacked to build 3D structures

Question 8

three dimensional ultrasound

Answer 8

3D imaging is more efficient and useful ; show how well the heart pumps blood and allows sonographer to view the heart from different angles

Question 9

What are the echocardi techniques?

Answer 9

-strain and contrast imaging
-doppler and color doppler ultrasound

Question 10

Doppler ultrasound

Answer 10

shows how fast blood flows and in what direction

Question 11

Color doppler ultrasound

Answer 11

shows blood flow but it uses different colors to highlight the different direction of flow

Question 12

Strain imaging

Answer 12

shows changes in how heart muscle moves; can catch early signs of some heart disease

Question 13

Contrast imaging

Answer 13

contrast agent inject into a vein; contrast agent is visible in the images and can help show details of the heart

Question 14

What is a transducer?

Answer 14

a device that produces sound waves that bounce off body tissues to make echoes to make a picture called sonogram

Question 15

Linear transducer

Answer 15

used for arteries/veins, eyes, breast s procedures

Question 16

Curvilinear transducer

Answer 16

used for gallblader, liver, kidney, uterus

Question 17

Phased array transducer

Answer 17

used to perform echocardiography, lungs, pleura, abdomen

Question 18

Sagittal plane

Answer 18

placed over chest and the indicator of the transducer is pointing towards head, ultrasound beam slices the patients heart in the sagittal plane

Question 19

transverse plane

Answer 19

place subcostally indicator pointing toward the right side of the patients body, ultrasound beam slices patienrs heart in the transverse plane

Question 20

coronal plane

Answer 20

placed along the mid-axillary line and indicator pointing toward axillary region slices patients heart in coronal plane

Question 21

PLAX view

Answer 21

-aim to orientate the beam with the long axis of the left ventrical
-placed on left of sternum in 3,4,5 intercostal space indicator toward right clavical
-allows for imaging of RV, LA, LV, mitral valve, aortic valve

Question 22

PSAX view

Answer 22

-transducer in intercostal space to obatin the parasternal long axis view
-examins shape/sizes of ventricles

Question 23

A4C view

Answer 23

-transducer placed at point of maximum impulse beam directed up toward patienrs heald
- views of pericardial effusion which indicates cardiac tamponade

Question 24

Subcostal 4 chamber view

Answer 24

-maybe the only achieveable view in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
patient is supine and knees are slightly bent to reduce abdominal wall tensions
- subcoatsl view shows IVC in long axis

Question 25

What are 4 pathologies visible on an echocardiogram?

Answer 25

1. Pleural effusion
2. Pericardial effusion
3. Cardiac/Pericardial Tamponade
4. CHF

Question 26

What is Pathologies Associated with Ejection Fraction?

Answer 26

EF is the measurement of the percent of blood leaving the heart each time it pumps

Question 27

What is the ejection fraction equation?

Answer 27

EF = (SV/EDV) x 100

Question 28

What is a normal EF?

Answer 28

Above 50%

Question 29

What can be a cause of a decreased EF?

Answer 29

Aortic regurgitation and mitral valve stenosis

Question 30

What is a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)?

Answer 30

A hole in the interatrial septum separating the right atrium from the left atrium

Question 31

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 31

Hardening of plaque in the arteries

Question 32

What is a Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV)?

Answer 32

When the aortic valve only contains 2 cusps instead of three