Lab 5

Question 1

Skeletal muscle

Answer 1

• striated
• long cylindrical fibers
• many peripheral nuclei
• voluntary
• all skeletal muscles

Question 2

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 2

• straited
• one/two nucleus
• intercalated disks (where cells branch and join together)
• involuntary
• myocardium (heart)

Question 3

Smooth Muscle

Answer 3

• not striated
• one nucleus
• spindle-shaped
• involuntary
• blood vessels, hair follicles, GI tract

Question 4

Muscle functions

Answer 4

• contract (decrease in length) to bring their attachment sites closer
• muscles that cross a joint in similar locations will do similar actions at that joint
• muscle occupy in compartments with muscles that have similar actions

Question 5

Scapular movement

Answer 5

• elevate and depress
• retraction and protraction
• upward rotation and downward rotation

Question 6

Arm (shoulder) movement

Answer 6

• flexion and extension
• medial and lateral rotation
• Adduction and abduction
• circumduction

Question 7

Forearm movements

Answer 7

• flexion and extension
• supination and pronation

Question 8

Hand (wrist) movement

Answer 8

• supination and pronation
• flexion and extension
• adduction and abduction

Question 9

Back and shoulder muscles

Answer 9

act on scapula
- trapezius
- serratus anterior

Act on arm
- pectoralis major (flex)
- latissimus dorsi (extend)
- teres major (extend)

Question 10

Trapezius

Answer 10

• action: elevate, retracts, depresses, and rotates scapula, elevates clavicle

Question 11

Serratus anterior

Answer 11

• action: protracts and rotates scapula, holds scapula flat against ribcage

Question 12

Pectoralis Major

Answer 12

• action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates arm
• attachments: sternum, clavicle, ribs - humerus

Question 13

Latissimus dorsi and Teres major

Answer 13

• action: adduct, extend, and medially rotate arm
• attachments: lower back (lats), scapula (teres) - humerus

Question 14

Deltoid

Answer 14

• action: abducts, flexes arm; flexion and medial rotation of arm; extension and lateral rotation of arm
• attachments: clavicle, spine of scapula - humerus

Question 15

Rotator cuff

Answer 15

• supraspinatus
• infraspinatus
• teres minor
• subscapularis

Question 16

Anterior compartment of arm

Answer 16

Muscles
- Bicep brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis

• action: flexion of arm and/or forearm
• biceps also assists with supination of forearm

Question 17

Bicep brachii

Answer 17

• flex arm and forearm, supination
• attach from scapula to radial tuberosity

2 heads
- long head: lateral, tendon goes over the head more
- short head: medial

Question 18

Coracobrachialis

Answer 18

• flex arm
• attaches from coracoid process to humerus
• under the bicep, slightly more medial

Question 19

Brachialis

Answer 19

• flex forearm
• attaches from humerus to the ulnar tuberosity
• located lower on the humerus

Question 20

Anterior compartment of the forearm (flexor group)

Answer 20

• all muscles attach to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
• action: flex the wrist and digits
• attachments: medial epicondyle - wrist and digits

Question 21

Posterior compartment of the arm

Answer 21

• Triceps Brachii: long, medial, and lateral head
• action: extend arm (only long head) and forearm (all)
• attachments: scapula (long), Humerus (medial and lateral) - olecranon process of ulna

Question 22

Posterior compartment of the forearm (extensor group)

Answer 22

• all of these muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
• action: extend the wrist and digits
• attachments: lateral epicondyle - wrist and digits

Question 23

Thenar and Hypothenar muscles

Answer 23

Thenar
- action: moves thumb (digit 1) and opposes to digits
- attachments: wrist - pollex

Hypothenar group
- action: moves pinky (digit 5) and opposes to thumb
- attachments: wrist - 5th digits

Question 24

Interossei

Answer 24

Adduction and abduction of digits occur in reference to digit 3

Actions
- palmar interossei: adduct (PAD)
- dorsal interossei: abduct (DAB)

Attachments
- metacarpals 2 to 5 - phalanges 2 to 5

Question 25

Joint movements

Answer 25

- Lateral and medial rotation - depression and elevation - inversion and eversion - dorsiflexion and plantar flexion - protraction and retraction

Question 26

Muscle Actions

Answer 26

- abduction and adduction - circumduction

Question 27

Gluteal muscles

Answer 27

Maximus - action: extend and laterally rotate thigh Medius and Miniums - action: abduct thigh

Question 28

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 28

- action: flex and abducts thigh

Question 29

Anterior compartment of thigh

Answer 29

- quadricep femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis - sartorius - iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major)

Question 30

Quadricep Femoris

Answer 30

Composite muscle with four heads - rectus femoris: action is to extend leg and flex thigh -vastus lateralis: action is to extend leg - vastus intermedius (located deep to rectus femoris): action is the extend leg - vasus medialis: action is to extend leg

Question 31

Sartorius

Answer 31

- action: flex, abduct, and laterally rotate thigh, flexes leg

Question 32

Iliopsoas

Answer 32

- Iliacus and psoas major - action: flex thigh

Question 33

Posterior compartment of thigh

Answer 33

- hamstrings (bicep femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)

Question 34

Hamstrings

Answer 34

- bicep femoris - semitendinosus - semimembranosus (deep to the semitendinosus) - action: extend hip, flex knee

Question 35

medial compartment of thigh

Answer 35

- adductor magnus - adductor longus - gracilis - action: adduct high/thigh - magnus also extends the thigh

Question 36

foot movements

Answer 36

- dorsiflexion and plantar flexion - inversion and eversion

Question 37

Anterior compartment of leg

Answer 37

- Tibialis anterior - action: dorsiflexion, inversion

Question 38

Lateral compartment of leg

Answer 38

- fibularis longus and brevis - action: plantarflexion, eversion - brevis is deep to longus

Question 39

Posterior compartment of leg

Answer 39

- Gastrocnemius - soleus - flexor hallucis longus - flexor digitorum longus

Question 40

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Answer 40

- action: flex leg, plantar flexion - soleus deep to gastro

Question 41

Flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

Answer 41

- action: plantar flexion of hallux and foot, plantarflex digits 2-5 and foot