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Anatomy Lab > Lab 2 - Module 2 > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Circulatory System

A
  • transport: oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, wastes, and hormones
  • Thermoregulation
  • ph and osmotic balance
  • prevent blood loss, facilitate wound healing, defense against disease
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2
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart - supply
- high in oxygen
- thicker walls
- thicker tunica media
- smaller lumen

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3
Q

Veins

A

returns blood to heart
- low in oxygen
- thinner tunica media
-larger lumen
- valves to prevent backflow

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

sites of nutrient and gas exchange
- smallest blood vessels
- single layer of endothelial cells
- bring oxygen and nutrients to surrounding tissues
- pick up nutrients, gas, and wastes from tissues

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5
Q

Blood vessel structure

A

Tunica Intima: inner
- simple squamous epithelium

Tunica Media: middle
- mostly smooth muscle fibers

Tunica Externa: outer
- connective tissue

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6
Q

Mechanisms that aid venous return

A
  1. valves - one way
  2. skeletal muscle pump - contract
  3. respiratory pump - increased abdominal pressure on IVC during inhalation
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7
Q

Anastomoses

A

networks of interconnected blood vessels
- provide alternative pathways for circulation if one is damaged or blocked
- frequently around joints and GI circulation

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8
Q

Systematic Circulation

A

arteries and veins run parallel with opposite flow direction
- arteries feed tissues and veins remove waste

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9
Q

Systematic circulation - Arteris

A

all arteries can be tracked back to the aorta

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10
Q

Branches of the aorta

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian artery

aortic arch continues as the descending aorta

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11
Q

Branches of the Brachiocephalic Trunk

A

1st branch of the aorta
- branches into right subclavian and right common carotid
- right subclavian feed the right upper limb
- right common carotid goes to the head and neck

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12
Q

Branches of the aorta

A
  • left common carotid and left subclavian are 2 and 3 branches of the aortic arch
  • they supply blood to the left upper limb (subclavian), and head and neck(common carotid)
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13
Q

Arteries of the head

A
  • right and left common carotid arteries both ascend into the neck and head and divide into internal and external carotid arteries
  • internal supply brain and internal structure
  • external supply structures external to the skull
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14
Q

Branched of the External Carotid Artery

A

facial artery
- supply superficial face

Maxillary
- supply teeth, nasal cavity, and deep face

Superficial temporal artery
- supply side of head and scalp

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15
Q

Arteries of the upper limb

A
  • branches of the subclavian artery feed upper limb, chest, and shoulder
  • renamed axillary as passing 1st rib
  • renamed brachial artery at insertion of tres major
  • brachial artery and deep brachial artery supply most arm muscles
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16
Q

Arties of the Forearm

A
  • radial and ulnar arteries are branches of the brachial artery
  • supply forearm
  • branches form palmar arches for the hand
  • ulnar: supply superficial palmar arch
  • radial: supply deep palmar arch
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17
Q

Arteries of the pelvis and lower limb

A
  • Abdominal aorta ends as the two common iliac arteries branch into internal and external iliac arteries
  • internal: supply pelvic region
  • external: becomes femoral artery after the inguinal ligament
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18
Q

Arteries of the thigh

A
  • femoral artery 1st major branch: deep femoral artery, feed thigh muscles
  • femoral artery become popliteal artery after passing through adductor hiatus area behind the knee
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19
Q

Arteries of the leg and foot (anterior)

A
  • femoral artery becomes popliteal artery after passing behind knew
  • branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
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20
Q

Arteries of the leg and foot (posterior)

A
  • posterior tibial artery gives into fibular artery
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21
Q

Systematic circulation: veins

A
  • most veins are paired with an artery of the same name
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22
Q

Major veins returning to the heart

A
  • superior and inferior vena cava are vessels the nearly all other veins drain to
  • superior drains head and upper limbs
  • inferior drain abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs
  • venous blood returns to the right atrium of the heart
  • right and left brachiocephalic veins become SVC
  • right subclavian and right internal jugular become the right brachiocephalic vein
  • left subclavian and left internal jugular feed into left subclavian vein
23
Q

Veins of the head

A
  • Right and left brachiocephalic veins formed by the union of internal jugular and subclavian veins
  • internal jugular vein is main drainage vessel of the brain
  • main tributaries are superficial temporal and facial veins
24
Q

Veins of the thorax

A
  • most of the blood from the thoracic wall eventually drains into the azygos vein
  • azygos drains into SVC via arch of azygos vein
25
Superficial veins
Have no accompanying artery - located int eh superficial fats, just deep to the skin Upper limb - Basilic v - cephalic v - median cubital v Lower limb - great saphenous v
26
Veins of the upper limb
Cephalic - drains lateral part of upper arm - joins axillary to form subclavian Basilic - receives blood from medial part of arm - joins brachial to become axillary Median Cubital - connects basilic and cephalic v like horizontal bar of the letter "H"
27
Veins of the pelvis and thigh
- popliteal v from leg become femoral v above popliteal fossa - great saphenous v joins femoral v superiorly - femoral v become external iliac - external iliac and internal iliac v become common iliac which joins right and left to IVC
28
Veins of leg and foot
- drainage of all vessels of the leg via poplieal v or great saphenous v - femoral v, external iliac v, common iliac v, IVC
29
The heart
- heart is located in the thorax between lungs and rests on diaphragm, in region called the mediastinum (includes trachea and esophagus)
30
Pericardium
double layered serous fluid-filled fibrous sac that surrounds the heart - anchors - lubricates - prevents from overfilling
31
Cardiac wall
3 layers Epicardium - outer layer - visceral layer of serous pericardium Myocardium - cardiac muscle layer - contracts Endocardium - inner lining of the heart - simple squamous epithelium and thin CT
32
Cardiac muscle
short, striated, branching cells, with intercalated discs - intercalated discs enable rapid transmission of electrical impulses between cells - involuntary control
33
Heart Chambers
Atria: - smaller chambers receiving blood from veins Ventricles - larger chambers pumping blood into arteries
34
Right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body - SVC/IVC
35
Right ventricle
pushes deoxygenated blood to lungs
36
Left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from lungs
37
Left Ventricle
pushes oxygenated blood to the body
38
Vena Cava
Superior and inferior - deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium
39
Pulmonary trunk
Deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
40
Aorta
Oxygenated blood from left ventricle to the body
41
Pulmonary veins (4)
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
42
Heart valves
- pulmonary semilunar valve - Aortic valve - Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) - left atrioventricular valve (mitral/bicuspid)
43
Active valves
Chordae tendineae connects leaflets to papillary muscles - prevent valve flaps from opening backwards when ventricles contract
44
Passive valves
semilunar valves prevent backflow by opening like a parachute - pulmonary valve and aortic valve
45
Coronary Arteries
- right coronary: supply right atrium and ventricle, conducting system - left coronary: supply left atrium and ventricle - anterior interventricular: supple interventricular septum - posterior interventricular: supply interventricular septum, AV node
46
Coronary veins
Coronary veins drain directly into right atrium via coronary sinus - great cardiac v: drains mostly anterior heart muscle
47
heart conduction system
- SA node: origin of electrical impulses that cause heart contraction - AV node: transmits signal from atria to ventricle, coordinated contractions
48
Circulatory pattern
1. lungs 2. pulmonary veins 3. left atrium 4. Mitral/bicuspid valve 5. left ventricle 6. Aortic valve 7. aorta to body circulation 8. SVC and IVC 9. right atrium 10. Tricuspid valve 11. right ventricle 12. pulmonary valve 13. pulmonary artery
49
Lymphatic system functions
- returns excess fluid to the bloodstream - transports dietary lipids from GI - generates and facilitates immune response
50
Lymph
excess interstitial fluid and solutes, as well as foreign material
51
Lymphatic system components
- lymph capillaries - lymph vessels - lymph ducts/trunk
52
Lymph nodes
- remove pathogens from lymph as it returns toward circulation - widely distributed but large clusters in neck, armpits, groin, and mediastinum - lymphocytes hangout - lymph seeps through sinuses, foreign material is destroyed, and pathogens removed
53
Lymph ducts
right lymphatic duct - drains into the right venous angle Thoracic duct - starts in the abdomen and drain into left venous angle
54
Filariasis
parasitic infection caused by nematode roundworms - parasite get lodged in the lymphatic vessels, limiting drainage, resulting in edema

Anatomy Lab (10 decks)

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