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Anatomy Lab > Lab 3 > Flashcards

Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

digestive System function

A

take food in, break it down, absorb nutrients, eliminate waste

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2
Q

GI tract - alimentary canal

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small and large intestine
  • anus
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3
Q

Accessory Digestive organs

A
  • teeth and tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gallbladder
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4
Q

Oral cavity and pharynx

A

initial processing - mechanical and enzymatic digestion

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5
Q

Pharynx and esophagus

A

propulsion and transport

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6
Q

Stomach

A

storage, mechanical and chemical processing
- stores and churns bolus
- mixes bolus with gastric juices to help break it down

Rugae - fold in wall of stomach
- allow stomach to expand and increase surface area

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7
Q

Small intestine

A

chemical processing, absorb nutrients, minerals and fats

3 parts
1. duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

  • further breakdown of material - using bile from liver and digestive enzymes from pancreas
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8
Q

Large Intestine

A

water absorption
- anal sphincter help maintain fecal continence

Taeniae Coli - 3 bands of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

Haustra - segmented sacs along colon

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9
Q

Anus

A

storage before defecation

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10
Q

Palates of oral cavity

A
  • roof of oral cavity and floor of nasal cavity
    Hard palate - bone
    Soft palate - muscle
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11
Q

Uvula

A

midline extension of soft palate

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12
Q

Teeth

A

32 adult teeth allow for mechanical digestion
- dental formula = 2, 1, 2, 3
- 3rd molar often removed

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13
Q

Tongue

A

Helps position food, aids in mechanical digestion
- form, manipulate, and swallow bolus

Papillae
- bumps on tongue that manipulate food, some contain tastebuds

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14
Q

Salivary Glands

A

secrete enzymes to begin chemical digestion
- parotid
- submandibular
- sublingual

saliva lubricates food and initiates chemical digestion

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15
Q

Tooth Anatomy

A

Tooth crown
- superior part of the tooth that contacts food

Root
- inferior part of tooth anchored in tooth socket

Enamel
- Hardest substance in the body, covers the tooth crown

Dentin
- less hard and found underneath enamel

Pulp Cavity
- filled with loose CT, contains vessels and nerves
- part of pulp cavity in root is called the root canal

Periodontal ligament
- anchors tooth in jaw socket

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16
Q

Peritoneal cavity - peritoneum

A

serous membrane lining peritoneal cavity
1. parietal peritoneum - lines body wall
2. visceral peritoneum - lines surface of organs
3. peritoneal cavity - between parietal and visceral
- contains small amount of serous fluid
- reduces friction, promotes movement

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17
Q

Peritoneal Cavity - Mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to the digestive organs
- hold organs in place, stores fat, acts as a route for blood vessels and nerves

18
Q

Sphincters of the stomach

A

ring of smooth muscle that surrounds an opening

Cardiac sphincter
- between esophagus and stomach

Pyloric sphincter
- between stomach and duodenum -

19
Q

Spleen

A

secretes a component of bile
- primary lymphatic organ

20
Q

Liver

A

Produce bile to breakdown or emulsify fat in the duodenum
- filters blood from the GI
- stores nutrients/ vitamins
- four lobes: right, left, caudate, and quadrate

21
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile
- ducts connect it to the liver and duodenum

22
Q

Pancreas

A

secretes enzymes for protein and digestion
- play role in endocrine function - insulin

23
Q

Gut circulation - arteries

A
  1. Celiac trunk - stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen
  2. Superior mesenteric artery - small intestine, ascending and transverse colon
  3. Inferior mesenteric artery - descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
24
Q

Gut Circulation - veins

A

Hepatic portal vein
- first returns blood from GI organs to the liver (filtered) then goes o systematic circulation via hepatic veins

Hepatic Portal vein
- splenic vein
- superior mesenteric vein

25
Respiratory function
Supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
26
Respiratory Organs
- nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchial tree - lungs - alveoli - pleura
27
Nose and Nasal Cavity
nasal cavity - acts as an "air conditioner" - filters, warms, and humidifies air includes: - external nares - nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior) - nasal septum - olfactory nerves
28
Pharynx - throat
Connections: 1. nasal cavity 2. middle ear 3. oral cavity 4. larynx 5. esophagus - all parts of the pharynx are involved in respiration - only oropharynx and laryngopharynx are involved in digestion
29
larynx - voicebox
- opens into laryngopharynx - attaches to the hyoid bone superiorly, trachea inferiorly - involved in speech and respiration - comprised of cartilage and ligaments that are covered by mucous membrane (creates folds)
30
Laryngeal Cartilages
- thyroid cartilage - cricoid cartilage - arytenoid cartilage (2) - epiglottis
31
True - vocal folds
- vocal folds: paired vocal ligaments attach to arytenoid and thyroid cartilages and are covered with a mucous membrane - vibrations produced by vocal cords are shaped by mouth, tongue, lips, pharynx to make sounds, words - rima glottidis - space between the vocal folds leading to trachea - glottis - rima glottis and vocal folds
32
Trachea
- continues with the larynx and located anterior to the esophagus - cartilaginous "C" rings - smooth muscle - posterior - divides into left and right bronchus
33
Lungs
Right - 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) - 2 fissures (oblique, horizontal) Left - 2 lobes (superior, inferior) - 1 fissure (oblique) Hilum - located where vessels enter/exit the lung
34
Bronchial tree
Main bronchi - right and left lung Lobar bronchi - secondary - lobes Segmental bronchi - tertiary - segments - divide into smaller and smaller airways (bronchioles) and terminate at the alveoli (site of gas exchange)
35
Hilum of lungs
Primary bronchus - one primary bronchus for each lung - contains cartilage to keep them open Pulmonary vessels - pulmonary arteries and veins Bronchial vessels - bronchial artery comes off the aorta - bronchial veins drain into the azygos vein or IVC
36
Pleura of lung
Sac surrounding lungs - visceral pleura - layer adhering to the lungs - parietal pleura - layer adhering to thoracic wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum Pleural cavity: space within pleura (between parietal and visceral) and contains small amount of serous fluid
37
ventilation - breathing
Boyles law - pressures is inversely proportional to volume Inhalation - increase volume within the thorax - difference in pressure causes air to flow into the lungs Exhalation - decrease thoracic volume - force air out
38
Ventilation - muscles
Inhalation - diaphragm - increase heigh of thoracic cavity , push down on abdomen - intercostal muscles - elevate ribs to widen thoracic cavity Exhalation - muscles relax - elasticity of lungs cause them to recoil
39
Ventilation - pleural
serous fluid in pleural cavity: reduces friction of parietal and visceral layers rubbing against each other during ventilation - serous fluid creates surface tension which is important for ventilation - chest wall expands pulling parietal with it - surface tension cause visceral pleura to also be pulled with it - since visceral is attached to the lung, volume of lung increases
40
Lung histology
- open space - simple squamous - capillaries of gas exchange across large surface area - cartilage plates in bronchial tree - lined with simple columnar
41
Bronchial tree histology
- open space - simple squamous - capillaries for gas exchange - cartilage plates in bronchial tree lined with simple columnar

Anatomy Lab (10 decks)

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